What are the reasons for the increase in the pressure drop of the reactor?

Gasoline carried alkaline liquid into a fixed bed reactor, salt and impurities on the surface of the catalyst, and the disturbance of the bed layer by fluctuations in the process of processing volume

Large circulation hydrogen, large airspace, catalyst focusing, bed layer collapse,

Large circulation hydrogen, large airspace, catalyst focusing, bed layer collapse,

The proportion of the raw materials becomes larger, the catalyst accumulates carbon, and there are problems with tables

The catalyst is gradually scorched

If the sudden increase is increased, or the reaction pressure increases 2 reactor inlet, which causes catalyst to crush the 3 in impurities.

Circular hydrogen purity problem

The purity of the cycle hydrogen is reduced or the sedimentation of the bed layer of the catalyst can exclude some circulating hydrogen to make up some new hydrogen

1) Impact of the properties of the ingredients in the ingredients of the raw material
1. The raw material contains more cycle alkamic acid. The hydrogen sulfide contact in the cycle hydrogen, reaction: Fe+H2S \u003d FES+H2
to form an iron sulfide deposited in the catalyst pores. In severe cases, the micro -hole obstruction of the catalyst is blocked and lost activity. It falls off and forms irreversible permanent poisoning. The attractiveness between iron sulfide is very attractive. It is gathered and covered in the upper bed, causing the catalyst bed layer to end, which increases the pressure drop of the bed layer. At the same time, this iron sulfide at high temperature can promote the convergence response of the burnt mother, thereby accelerating the blockage of the bed layer. From this point of view, the iron content in the raw oil and the FES generated by the corrosion of the equipment is an important driving force for the clogging of the bed layer and the increase in voltage. In addition, nickel can enter the catalyst's tunnel and enter the pores of the catalyst, thereby reducing the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe catalyst.
2. Among the indicators controlled by raw materials, nitride content is also particularly important. Due to the increase in nitrogen content, especially alkaline nitride, it can strongly adsorb in the acid center of the cracking catalyst and reduce its activity, which has inhibitory effects on the activity of acid cracking catalysts. The catalyst is inactivated and affects the quality of the product.
3. The raw oil from the upstream device is mixed with coke powder or an olefin aggregate reaction is generated in the raw material in front of the reactor. These macromolecular particles are deposited on the surface of the catalyst. Rate. During the third cycle of the device, the fault of the filter of the backwash of the backwash on July 2, 2010 was removed. Observing the parameters found that the first bed layer of the reactor was relatively affected, from 0.06kPa, to July 7, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the pressure drop, the voltage drop, the voltage drop, the voltage dropped Gradually became 0.07kPa, which increased.
(2) The impact of the reaction temperature
The reaction temperature is the most important and flexible operating parameters in the hydrogenation process, and it is also the main means to regulate the quality of the product. From dynamic consideration, whether it is hydrogen refining reactions or hydrogenation reactions, it is an inspiration reaction, which improves the reaction temperature, which is not conducive to the positive development of the reaction; The decline cannot be reached to the required conversion rate. Nitride requires a higher temperature than desulfurization. Excessive reaction temperature will exacerbate the cracking response. In addition to reducing liquid collection, it is more important to cause catalyst to accumulate carbon accumulation, and the pressure difference between the bed layer of the reactor is accelerated. The pressure drop increases. At the same time at high temperature, it is also accompanied by some overlapping and clustering reactions, especially when the content of thick rings, asphalt, and non -hydrocarbon compounds in raw materials is more serious. The production and increase of carbon accumulation will lead to losses in the catalyst activity center, causing loss, which will increase the pressure of the bed layer.
When the hydrogen refining process increases the reaction temperature, it can increase hydrogenation saturation and removeSulfur and nitrogen desertion depth, but the temperature is too high, the catalyst cracking activity, and the product of the product increases. Due to the decrease in the acidity and activity of the catalyst and activity of the catalyst accumulation of carbon accumulation and ingredients, in order to maintain the depth of the required reaction, the reaction temperature should be gradually increased in the later stage of the operation. There are three main aspects of the high response temperature: First, the coke in the feeding heat exchange is intensified, and the reaction temperature is increased. The relatively high temperature will greatly accelerate the jellyflowing speed; the second is the export of the feeding heat exchange to the coke in the heating furnace tube. This part of the cored part is entered into the reactor, which is partially adhered to the wall of the tube. After fluctuations or stop work, due to changes in the system conditions, coke adapted on the wall of the tube will fall off and be brought into the reactor. The carbon reaction was scorched, causing the increase in the pressure of the bed layer.
(3) The impact of the ratio of hydrogen purity and hydrogen oil
The content of CO and CO2 in new hydrogen is too high, which will compete on the catalyst activity center. H2O forced heat releases a lot of heat to increase the reaction temperature rapidly. In addition, hydrogen separation will also decrease. These two points are two major factors that cause carbon accumulation and focus of catalysts.
The hydrogen oil ratio is generally controlled within the design range. The higher hydrogen oil ratio can inhibit the accumulation of carbon accumulation of catalysts because higher hydrogen concentration can prevent the production of carbon. Moving high hydrogen division in the hydrogen refreshing system, and increased hydrogen oil ratio can increase hydrogen division. This is conducive to increasing the vaporization rate of raw oil and reducing the thickness of the surface oil film of the catalyst, which increases the conversion rate. At the same time, it can reduce the catalyst accumulation of carbon accumulation. It has the effect of inhibitory reactions with hydrogen refining reactions. If the hydrogen oil of the catalyst bed layer does not reach the design requirements, or even too low, the bed layer will intensify. Therefore, we must perform production operations in accordance with the design requirements in the operation.
(IV) Significant fluctuations of the operating conditions
When the device operates fluctuated, such as the sharp changes in the pressure, the coke adapted on the wall of the tube will fall off, and the reactor will be brought into Increased. Among them, the most impact on the voltage drop is the significant fluctuation of the hydrogen volume. When the amount of hydrogen suddenly decreases or interrupted, the hydrogen oil ratio decreases rapidly, and the circulating gas volume decreases. Integrated.
During the normal production process, ultra -temperature and fly temperature phenomenon occurs. Abnormal operations such as low circulating hydrogen purity, low hydrogen oil ratio, low hydrogen voltage, and low airspace speed cause the catalyst focus. The decrease of bed pressure rises.

1.Effect of the nature of the raw material 2. The effect of low hydrogen oil ratio 3. The effect of circulating hydrogen flow fluctuation 4. Frequent open -stop effects