Renal tubular acidosis in children refers to a disease with a series of symptoms of renal tubular acidosis in children. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), also known as Lightwood syndrome, Albright type III syndrome, Butier syndrome, congenital hyperchloremic acidosis, renal calcinosis, infantile calcinosis, Lightwood-Butier-Albright syndrome, etc., is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disorders such as potassium, sodium, and calcium due to the secretion of hydrogen ions by distal tubular epithelial cells and (or) the reabsorption of HCO3- by proximal tubular epithelial cells. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, renal calcification, and kidney stones. According to the cause, it can be divided into primary and secondary. Primary is mostly caused by congenital genetic defects, while secondary can be secondary to a variety of kidney diseases, collagen diseases, and drug-induced renal damage.