Plague is a highly contagious disease mainly spread by Yersinia pestis through rat fleas. It is a natural epidemic disease widely prevalent among wild rodents. Clinically, it manifests as fever, severe toxemia, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, bleeding tendency, etc. Plague has had many major outbreaks in world history, with tens of millions of deaths and a very high mortality rate. In 1992, 9 countries including Brazil, China, Madagascar, Mongolia, Myanmar, Peru, the United States, Vietnam and Zaire reported human plague worldwide, with a total of 1,582 cases. Most of the patients were concentrated in Africa, with a mortality rate of 8.7%. There were 29 cases in my country, concentrated in Xishuangbanna. my country also had many outbreaks before liberation. The confirmed plague foci in China are distributed in 17 provinces (autonomous regions) and 216 counties, and animal plague continues. Human plague has expanded from two provinces (Qinghai and Tibet) in 1985 to six provinces including Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Gansu. The work of preventing and controlling plague in my country is still very important.