Primary vesicoureteral reflux in children
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children refers to the backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and renal pelvis due to abnormalities in the ureterovesical junction. Primary VUR is caused by congenital abnormalities in the ureterovesical junction and is not associated with any underlying neuromuscular disease or obstruction. Vesicoureteral reflux is divided into primary and secondary types. The former is congenital maldevelopment of the valve function, and the latter is secondary to lower urinary tract obstruction, such as posterior urethral valves, neurogenic bladder, etc. Vesicoureteral reflux is closely related to urinary tract infection and renal scarring, and reflux can lead to hypertension and renal failure. In recent years, it has attracted more and more attention from domestic pediatricians.