POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Its main manifestations are polyneuropathy (P), organomegaly (o), endocrinopathy (E), monoclonal γ-globulin disease (M, also called M-protein) and skin changes (S). The disease was first described by Crow in 1956 and then by Fukase in 1968. Nakanishi et al. called it Crow-Fukase syndrome. Takatsuki first confirmed and fully described the disease, so it is also called Takatsuki syndrome. Bardwick et al. combined the first letters of the above five main manifestations into POEMS syndrome. POEMS syndrome patients are often accompanied by osteosclerotic bone lesions, and malignant plasma cells can be seen in biopsy. Therefore, it is a special type of plasma cell disease, and POEMS syndrome may be a paraneoplastic syndrome.