Ceftriaxone is a long-acting, broad-spectrum cephalosporin that produces antibacterial effects by inhibiting the synthesis of cell walls. It has a strong bactericidal effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is highly stable to beta-lactamase (including penicillinase and cephalosporinase). In vitro and clinical trials have shown that ceftriaxone sodium has high antibacterial activity against the following Gram-negative bacilli: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella and other r/Enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae; it also has good antibacterial effects on Gram-negative cocci such as meningococci and gonococci; Gram-positive cocci such as pneumococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, and Streptococcus bovis are all sensitive to this product; it also has a certain antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, but the antibacterial effect is poorer than that of the above-mentioned Gram-positive cocci. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter are less sensitive to this product. It also has antibacterial activity against some anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium, and Peptococcus.

Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Except for Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, this product has good antibacterial activity against other Gram-positive cocci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic Streptococcus are highly sensitive to this product. Diphtheria Corynebacterium, anthrax Bacillus, Listeria and Clostridium are also very sensitive to this product. This product has good antibacterial activity against some Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but has poor antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Neisseria are sensitive to this product, while other Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant. Enzyme-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to this product; Haemophilus influenzae is only moderately sensitive. Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes are mostly sensitive to this product. Bacteroides fragilis is resistant.

Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Except for Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, this product has good antibacterial activity against other Gram-positive cocci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic Streptococcus are highly sensitive to this product. Diphtheria Corynebacterium, anthrax Bacillus, Listeria and Clostridium are also very sensitive to this product. This product has good antibacterial activity against some Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but has poor antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Neisseria are sensitive to this product, while other Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant. Enzyme-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to this product; Haemophilus influenzae is only moderately sensitive. Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes are mostly sensitive to this product. Bacteroides fragilis is resistant.

It has good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Citrobacter and other Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are highly sensitive to it. It also has good effect on various groups of streptococci and pneumococci, and only has moderate effect on Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive strains). Cefoperazone mainly inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and has good effect on most Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes.

It has a weak antibacterial effect itself and is a competitive, irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor. When used in combination with cefoperazone, it can increase the ability of cefoperazone to resist degradation by multiple β-lactamases and produce a significant synergistic effect on cefoperazone.

It has good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Citrobacter and other Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is highly sensitive to Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. It also has good effect on all groups of streptococci and pneumococci, and has moderate effect on Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive strain). It has good effect on most Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes. It mainly inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Its own antibacterial effect is weak, and it is a competitive, irreversible β-lactamase inhibitor. When used in combination with cefoperazone, it can increase the ability of cefoperazone to resist degradation by multiple β-lactamases, and produce a significant synergistic effect on cefoperazone.