Potassium is the main cation in cells, with a concentration of 150-160mmol/L, while the main cation outside cells is sodium ions, and the serum potassium concentration is only 3.5-5.0mmol/L. The body mainly relies on the Na-K-ATPase on the cell membrane to maintain the concentration difference between K and Na in cells. The acid-base balance in the body has an impact on potassium metabolism. For example, when acidosis occurs, H enters the cell. In order to maintain the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell, K is released outside the cell, causing or aggravating hyperkalemia. Metabolic disorders can also affect acid-base balance. The normal potassium ion concentration and concentration difference inside and outside the cell are closely related to some important functions of the cell, including maintaining carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen storage, protein metabolism, intracellular osmotic pressure and acid-base balance, and myocardial excitability.

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Increase the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, etc.; inhibit the active reabsorption of NaCl by the thick-walled segment of the renal tubular loop of Henle, reduce the osmotic pressure gradient difference of the medullary interstitial fluid, and lead to increased excretion of water and electrolytes; inhibit the reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by the loop of Henle and increase their excretion; short-term use of the drug increases uric acid excretion, and long-term use may cause hyperuricemia; dilate renal blood vessels, reduce renal vascular resistance, and increase renal blood flow; dilate pulmonary capacitance veins, reduce pulmonary capillary permeability, reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart, and reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.