Piperacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. It has good antibacterial effects on Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli, Proteus, Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella and Shigella, as well as other Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria. It also has certain antibacterial activity against Enterococci, Group A and Group B hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococci that do not produce penicillinase. Many anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium, are also sensitive to piperacillin. The mechanism of action of piperacillin is to exert a bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.

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Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Except for Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, this product has good antibacterial activity against other Gram-positive cocci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic Streptococcus are highly sensitive to this product. Diphtheria Corynebacterium, anthrax Bacillus, Listeria and Clostridium are also very sensitive to this product. This product has good antibacterial activity against some Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but has poor antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Neisseria are sensitive to this product, while other Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant. Enzyme-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to this product; Haemophilus influenzae is only moderately sensitive. Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes are mostly sensitive to this product. Bacteroides fragilis is resistant.