Selective norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors improve patients' mood by selectively blocking NE reuptake and increasing the activity of NE in the central nervous system. They have no affinity for serotonin and dopamine reuptake sites, and almost no affinity for muscarinic, histamine or adrenaline receptors. They are clinically used to treat depression.

By protecting the energy metabolism of cells under hypoxia or ischemia, preventing the decrease of intracellular ATP levels, it ensures the normal function of ion pumps and the normal operation of transmembrane sodium-potassium flow, and maintains the stability of the intracellular environment. It helps maintain the energy metabolism of the heart and nerve sensory organs under ischemia and hypoxia, reduces intracellular acidosis and changes in transmembrane ion flow caused by ischemia, reduces the movement and infiltration of multinuclear neutrophils during ischemia and myocardial reperfusion, and reduces the scope of experimental infarction. While producing this effect, it has no significant effect on hemodynamics. It increases coronary blood flow reserves, so from the 15th day of treatment, it delays the occurrence of exercise-induced ischemia, limits rapid fluctuations in blood pressure without significant changes in heart rate, significantly reduces the frequency of angina attacks, and significantly reduces the use of glyceryl trinitrate.

This product is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, but it may be mainly related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, mediator release of leukocytes and oxidative reactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

This product is a diphenylpiperazine calcium channel blocker with selective cerebral vasodilation.

No specific pharmacological effects mentioned