It has strong antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Its mechanism of action is that it can pass through the bacterial cell membrane and bind to the special receptor protein of the bacterial ribosome 30S subunit, interfering with the formation of the initiation complex between the information RNA and the 30S subunit, causing the DNA to be misread, leading to the synthesis of non-functional proteins, causing the polysaccharide to split, unable to synthesize proteins, the bacterial cell membrane to break, and the bacteria to die.

External use has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antipruritic and exudation-reducing effects. It can be absorbed through the skin, especially faster in damaged skin. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.

Not yet clear

This product is a nitroimidazole derivative that can inhibit the redox reaction of amoeba and break the nitrogen chain of the protozoa. In vitro tests have shown that when the drug concentration is 1~2mg/L, the histolytica amoeba can undergo morphological changes in 6~20 hours and all are killed within 24 hours. When the concentration is 0.2mg/L, the histolytica amoeba can be killed within 72 hours. This product has a strong effect of killing trichomonas, and its mechanism is unknown. Metronidazole has a killing effect on cells and anaerobic microorganisms growing under hypoxic conditions. The metabolites generated when it is reduced in the human body also have anti-anaerobic effects, inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid, thereby interfering with the growth and reproduction of bacteria, and ultimately causing bacterial death.

This product is a chloramphenicol antibiotic. It has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect in vitro, including aerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobes, Rickettsia, spirochetes and Chlamydia. It has bactericidal effects on the following bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. It only has antibacterial effects on the following bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Group B hemolytic Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella, Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic bacteria. The following bacteria are usually resistant to chloramphenicol: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, indole-positive Proteus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. This product is an antibacterial agent. Chloramphenicol is fat-soluble and enters bacterial cells by diffusion, and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, which blocks the growth of the peptide chain (possibly due to the inhibition of the action of transpeptidase), thereby inhibiting the formation of the peptide chain and preventing protein synthesis.

This product is the levorotatory form of tetramisole, which can selectively inhibit succinate dehydrogenase in the muscles of the worm, so that fumaric acid cannot be reduced to succinic acid, thereby affecting the anaerobic metabolism of the muscles of the worm and reducing energy production. When the worm comes into contact with it, it can depolarize the nerves and muscles, and the muscles will continue to contract and cause paralysis; the drug's cholinergic effect is conducive to the excretion of the worm. Its activity is about 1 to 2 times that of tetramisole (racemic form), but its toxic side effects are lower. In addition, the drug may have an inhibitory effect on the microtubule structure of the worm. Levamisole also has immune regulation and immune excitation functions.