It has antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. The analgesic effect is mainly achieved by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and other pain-sensitive substances; the antipyretic effect is achieved through the hypothalamus temperature regulation center, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation process (peripheral vasodilation, increased and accelerated blood flow, and sweating), rather than inhibiting the heat production process.

It acts on the high centers of the cerebral cortex to promote mental excitement.

Nicotinic acid is converted into nicotinamide in the body, and then combined with riboadenin to form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (coenzyme I) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (coenzyme II), which are necessary for lipid amino acid, protein, purine metabolism, tissue respiration oxidation and glycogenolysis. Nicotinic acid can reduce the utilization of coenzyme A; by inhibiting the synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), it affects the transport of cholesterol in the blood. Large doses can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Nicotinic acid has a peripheral vasodilation effect.

It is a glycoside of dehydrogenated flavonoids, which often coexists with vitamin C in food. It may participate in the action of oxidoreductase in the body, affect the activity of the thyroid gland, and protect adrenaline from oxidation. It can enhance the effect of vitamin C and promote its accumulation in the body, maintain vascular elasticity, enhance capillary resistance, and reduce its fragility and permeability.

Its main pharmacological effects are to maintain vascular elasticity, enhance capillary resistance, reduce its fragility and permeability, promote cell proliferation and prevent blood cell aggregation.