Calcium ion antagonists exert their pharmacological effects by regulating the influx of calcium ions on the cell membranes of myocardial conduction cells, myocardial contractile cells, and arterial smooth muscle cells, but do not change the serum calcium concentration. They dilate the main coronary arteries and arterioles in normal and ischemic parts of the heart, antagonize spontaneous or ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm, increase myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with coronary artery spasm, relieve and prevent coronary artery spasm; reduce total peripheral resistance and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. They can be used to treat variant angina and unstable angina. They reduce the influx of calcium ions, prolong the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node, and slow down conduction.

This product is a piperazine calcium channel antagonist that can block calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and improving cerebral and coronary circulation, especially having a certain selective effect on cerebral blood vessels. This product can inhibit phosphodiesterase, prevent cAMP from decomposing into inactive 5-AMP, thereby increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration, inhibiting the release of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin and other biologically active substances, and also inhibiting the activation of complement C4.

It has a direct relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle, reducing peripheral resistance and lowering blood pressure. It has an antispasmodic effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

It can improve the blood supply to the vertebral artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and have anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

This product can improve the blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and has anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

This product can improve the blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and has anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

This product can improve the blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and has anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

This product can improve the blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and has anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

This product can improve the blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, regulate the function of the vestibular system, inhibit the vomiting center, and has anti-vertigo and antiemetic effects.

It inhibits the synthesis and release of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus, restores the normal responsiveness of the sensory neurons in the temperature regulation center, and has an antipyretic effect; it has an analgesic effect by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, etc.; it inhibits the synthesis and release of prostaglandins in the local tissue of inflammation, stabilizes lysosomal enzymes, and affects the phagocytic function of phagocytes, thus playing an anti-inflammatory role

It is a peripheral analgesic. It inhibits the synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PGE1) in the hypothalamic temperature regulation center, causing peripheral vasodilation and sweating to achieve an antipyretic effect; it can also inhibit the effects of PGE1, bradykinin and histamine, increase the pain threshold and produce analgesic effects.

It is a central nervous system stimulant that can excite the cerebral cortex, increase sensitivity to the outside world, and constrict cerebral blood vessels, thus enhancing the headache relief effects of the first two drugs.

It has a strong histamine H1 receptor blocking effect, can alleviate other respiratory symptoms caused by allergies, and also has a mild inhibitory effect on the central nervous system