Anticonvulsant, anti-epileptic, anti-neuropathic pain, anti-manic-depressive, improves the symptoms of certain mental illnesses, and treats central diabetes insipidus; possible mechanisms include use-dependent blocking of various excitable cell membrane Na channels, inhibition of T-type calcium channels, enhancement of central noradrenergic nerve activity, promotion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, or increased sensitivity of effectors to ADH.

It is a blood volume expander. After intravenous injection, it can increase plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, absorb extravascular water to increase blood volume, increase and maintain blood pressure; improve microcirculation, prevent thrombosis; and has an osmotic diuretic effect.

This product is a blood volume expander. After intravenous injection, it can increase plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, absorb extravascular water to increase blood volume, and increase and maintain blood pressure. Its blood volume expansion effect is weaker and shorter than that of dextran 70, but its effect on improving microcirculation is stronger than that of dextran 70. It can disaggregate aggregated red blood cells and platelets, reduce blood viscosity, improve microcirculation, and prevent thrombosis. In addition, it also has an osmotic diuretic effect.

It has high antibacterial activity against common aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including those resistant to penicillin G), Staphylococcus epidermidis, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, viridans Streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has good antibacterial effect on anaerobic bacteria, including Clostridium diphtheriae, and Clostridium perfringens. It has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as enterococci, meningococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae, as well as fungi. There is no cross-resistance between this product and penicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins and tetracyclines, and there is partial cross-resistance with macrolides. This product acts on the 50S subunit of the ribosome of sensitive bacteria, preventing the extension of the peptide chain, thereby inhibiting the protein synthesis of bacterial cells. It is generally an antibacterial agent, but at high concentrations, it also has a bactericidal effect on certain bacteria.

This product is a macrolide antibiotic, which has antibacterial activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria and some atypical pathogens such as Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

This product is a macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria and some atypical pathogens such as Chlamydia and Mycoplasma.

This product is the earliest sulfonamide antibiotic used for intestinal infections.