Potassium Chloride Injection

The main component of this product and its chemical name is potassium chloride. Chemical structure: KCl Molecular formula: KCl Molecular weight: 74.55

This product is a colorless clear liquid.

(1) Treatment of hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient food intake, vomiting, severe diarrhea, use of potassium-excreting diuretics, hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis, long-term use of glucocorticoids and hypokalemia caused by supplementation of hypertonic glucose, etc. (2) Prevention of hypokalemia: When patients have potassium loss, especially if hypokalemia is harmful to the patient (such as patients using digitalis drugs), preventive potassium supplementation is required, such as eating very little, severe or chronic diarrhea, long-term use of adrenocortical hormones, potassium-losing nephropathy, Bartter syndrome, etc. (3) Digitalis poisoning causes frequent, multifocal premature beats or rapid arrhythmias.

It is used for patients with severe hypokalemia or those who cannot take it orally. The general usage is to add 10-15ml of 10% potassium chloride injection to 500ml of 5% glucose injection and drip (avoid direct intravenous drip and push injection). The dose, concentration and speed of potassium supplementation are determined according to the clinical condition, blood potassium concentration and improvement of electrocardiogram potassium deficiency pattern. The potassium concentration does not exceed 3.4g/L (45mmol/L), the potassium supplementation speed does not exceed 0.75g/hour (10mmol/hour), and the daily potassium supplementation amount is 3-4.5g (40-60mmol). When potassium deficiency in the body causes severe rapid ventricular ectopic arrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes, short bursts, recurrent multi-line ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter and other life-threatening severe arrhythmias, the potassium salt concentration should be high (0.5%, even 1%), the drip rate should be fast, 1.5g/hour (20mmol/hour), and the potassium supplementation amount can reach 10g or more per day. If the condition is critical, the potassium concentration and speed can exceed the above regulations. However, it is necessary to closely monitor the blood potassium and electrocardiogram to prevent the occurrence of hyperkalemia. The daily dose for children is calculated based on 0.22g/kg (3mmol/kg) of body weight or 3g/m2 of body surface area.

(1) When the intravenous infusion concentration is high, the speed is fast, or the vein is thin, it is easy to stimulate the venous lining and cause pain. (2) When the infusion speed is fast or there is pre-existing renal damage, attention should be paid to the occurrence of hyperkalemia. Once hyperkalemia occurs, it should be treated urgently.

(1) Patients with hyperkalemia. (2) Patients with acute or chronic renal insufficiency are contraindicated.

(1) Adrenal glucocorticoids, especially those with more obvious mineralocorticoid effects, adrenal mineralocorticoids and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), can promote urinary potassium excretion, and when used in combination with this product, the efficacy of potassium salts is reduced. (2) Anticholinergic drugs can aggravate the gastrointestinal irritation of oral potassium salts, especially potassium chloride. (3) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics aggravate the gastrointestinal reactions of oral potassium salts. (4) When used in combination with stored blood (30mmol/L of potassium for less than 10 days of storage, 65mmol/L of potassium for more than 10 days of storage), potassium-containing drugs and potassium-sparing diuretics, the chance of hyperkalemia increases, especially in patients with renal damage. (5) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cyclosporine A can inhibit aldosterone secretion and reduce urinary potassium excretion, so hyperkalemia is likely to occur when used in combination. (6) Heparin can inhibit the synthesis of aldosterone and reduce urinary potassium excretion, so hyperkalemia is likely to occur when used in combination. In addition, heparin can increase the chance of gastrointestinal bleeding.

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