Levamisole..

Levamisole, also known as levoimidazole, thiabendazole hookworm, and vermicide, is the levorotatory isomer of thiazole and is commonly used in its hydrochloride or phosphate form. It appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder; odorless, bitter in taste, highly soluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol for the hydrochloride, and slightly soluble for the phosphate. It decomposes and loses efficacy easily in alkaline aqueous solutions.

Pharmacokinetics Oral: well absorbed. Peak plasma concentration: 5 hours. Metabolism: liver. Excretion: urine.

Pharmacological action Levamisole is a synthetic broad-spectrum anthelmintic. After entering the worm body, it inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the worm's muscles, preventing fumaric acid from being reduced to succinic acid, disrupting carbohydrate metabolism, causing insufficient energy production, leading to muscle paralysis in the worm and its expulsion from the body.

Clinical application Levamisole is commonly used for deworming in various animals and is effective against both adult and larval worms. It works against multiple nematodes and ocular parasites. In poultry, it can be used to remove various nematodes. In pigs, it is effective against nematodes such as Ascaris, Oesophagostomum, and stomach parasites (Strongyloides, Ostertagia) for expelling roundworms and intestinal nematodes (Toxascaris), and is also effective against nodular worms (Esophageal nematodes) and kidney worms (Crenosoma species) located in the ureters. In dogs, it can be used to eliminate roundworms, hookworms, and heartworms.

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