Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride (Anhydrous Aluminium Trichloride)

1. Basic Identification

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Appearance

1. High-purity sublimated grade: White fluffy crystalline powder / flakes;
2. Industrial synthetic grade: Pale yellow / light yellow granular solid, iron impurities cause yellow tint.
   
   
   Extremely hygroscopic; fumes strongly in humid air to release corrosive hydrogen chloride mist with pungent acidic odor.

Physical Constants

Core Chemical Characteristics

1. Strong Lewis acid catalyst
   
   
   Empty orbital on Al³⁺ accepts electron pairs; universal catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation, hydrocarbon isomerization, polymerization, and cracking reactionsSigma-Aldr....
2. Violent hydrolysis
   
   
   Contact with water releases massive heat + corrosive HCl fumes; diluted aqueous solution contains hydrochloric acid + aluminum hydroxide colloid, strongly corrosive to metal and glass.
3. Complex formation
   
   
   Forms stable coordination complexes with ethers, amines, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, widely applied in selective organic synthesis.
4. Incompatible hazardous materials
   
   
   Water, alcohols, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, strong bases, oxidants, phenols, ethylene oxide, ammonia (violent exothermic reaction / explosion risk).

3. Export Industrial Quality Specifications

Premium Catalyst Grade (≥98.5%, mainstream export for fine chemicals)

Sublimed Ultra-Pure Grade ≥99.8%

4. Main Industrial Applications

4.1 Organic Synthesis Catalyst (Largest Consumption)

1. Friedel-Crafts reaction core catalyst: Ethylbenzene (styrene raw material), cumene, anthraquinone dye intermediate, chlorobenzene synthesis.
2. Petroleum refining: Catalyst for alkane isomerization, catalytic cracking, lubricant oil alkylation modification.
3. Polymer industry: Catalyst for polyolefin, synthetic rubber, cationic resin polymerization.

4.2 Dye & Pigment Industry

1. Catalyst for vat dyes, reactive dyes, phthalocyanine pigment synthesis; accelerates aromatic ring substitution and cyclization.
2. Mordant for textile printing and dyeing, improves color fastness of fabric.

4.3 Pharmaceutical & Pesticide Intermediates

1. Lewis acid catalyst for heterocyclic drug, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular API synthesis; promotes selective acylation of aromatic rings.
2. Raw material for organoaluminum pesticide intermediates, herbicide & fungicide molecular skeleton construction.

4.4 New Materials & Other Fields

1. Electronic materials: Precursor for aluminum ion battery electrolyte, perovskite LED nanocrystal synthesis, solar cell photoanode dopantSigma-Aldr....
2. Dehydrating agent, cracking auxiliary for lubricant additives; raw material for aluminum salt water treatment flocculant.
3. Perfume synthesis catalyst for aromatic ester and musk fragrance production.

5. Toxicology, Health Hazards & First Aid

Toxicity Profile

• Acute Oral LD₅₀ (Rat): 3450 mg/kg (Category 4 harmful if swallowed)
• Dermal hazard: Strong corrosive irritant; hydrolysis releases HCl to denature skin protein, causes chemical erythema, blisters and deep burns.
• Inhalation hazard: Dust/HCl mist severely irritates respiratory tract; high concentration induces bronchitis, pulmonary edema.
• Eye hazard: Severe corneal erosion, permanent vision damage without immediate flushing.
• Environmental hazard: Acidic hydrolysis wastewater lowers water pH, toxic to aquatic organisms.

Exposure Symptoms

1. Inhalation of dust/fume: Sharp throat pain, violent cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, nasal mucosal ulceration.
2. Skin contact: Instant burning sensation, red swelling, blisters, necrotic wounds after prolonged contact.
3. Eye splash: Intense stinging, corneal edema, blurred vision, risk of blindness.
4. Oral ingestion: Severe oral/esophageal acid corrosion, abdominal pain, vomiting, digestive tract perforation risk.

Complete First-Aid Procedures

1. Inhalation: Transfer victim to fully ventilated fresh air immediately, rinse nose and throat with clean water; hospital treatment to prevent pulmonary edema.
2. Skin Contact: Strip all contaminated clothing at once; continuously flush affected skin with large-volume cold running water for ≥30 minutes to wash away residual solid and acid.
3. Eye Contact: Force open upper/lower eyelids, irrigate eyes with abundant cold flowing water uninterrupted for minimum 30 minutes; mandatory emergency ophthalmic examination.
4. Oral Intake: DO NOT induce vomiting; drink large amounts of milk or pure water for dilution, rush to hospital for gastric mucosa protection therapy.

6. Storage, Handling & Incompatibility Rules

Mandatory Storage Conditions

1. Warehouse classification: Special Class 8 corrosive solid chemical warehouse, fully isolated from water source, acids, alkalis, alcohols, food raw materials.
2. Temperature control: Ambient storage ≤30 ℃, strict dry air circulation, dehumidification equipment required; avoid open air exposure (hygroscopic deliquescence).
3. Sealing requirement: 25kg plastic-lined iron drum fully sealed with PTFE gaskets; warehouse equipped with HCl corrosive gas leakage alarm.
4. Shelf life: 12 months under intact airtight packaging.

Strictly Separated Incompatible Materials

Safe Operation Specifications

1. Operators wear fully enclosed gas-proof respirator, heavy-duty acid-resistant nitrile protective suit, full-face impact safety goggles, thick solvent-resistant gloves.
2. All feeding, transfer and sampling operations under negative pressure fume hood; strictly prohibit water splashing into raw material.
3. Small leakage: Cover solid with dry inert sand, isolate all water sources, collect waste into sealed corrosive hazardous waste metal barrels.
4. Large leakage: Build sand retaining dikes to block solid flow, prevent contact with rainwater/sewage pipelines to avoid massive HCl release.

7. Export Packaging & Global Transportation Regulations

Standard Export Packaging Modes

1. Industrial catalyst grade: 25kg plastic inner liner + sealed iron drum outer packaging;
2. Ultra-purity sublimated reagent grade: 20kg light-proof thick-wall iron drum with nitrogen filling.

UN Transport Compliance Rules

1. Road transport: Special corrosive dangerous goods vehicles, explosion-proof electrical components, leakage collection trays, dual dry powder & CO₂ fire extinguishers.
2. Ocean shipment: Comply with IMDG Class 8 corrosive goods standards; paste corrosive hazard label, single-layer stacking only, segregated from food, alcohols and oxidizer cargo holds.
3. Loading ban: Mixed loading with water-containing goods, alkaline chemicals, edible products, metal powders is strictly forbidden.

Full Export Document Package

• Batch Certificate of Analysis (COA)
• GHS-compliant MSDS / SDS
• Technical Data Sheet (TDS)
• Marine Dangerous Goods Declaration
• REACH Registration Compliance Report

8. GHS Global Hazard Label Statements

9. Fire Emergency Disposal Plan

Approved Fire Extinguishing Agents

• Primary: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Forbidden Agents

Fire Site Operation Steps

1. Full evacuation of personnel to upwind safe zone ≥300 meters, cut all water pipelines near fire area.
2. Cool surrounding sealed drums with fine water mist (only outer wall cooling, strictly prevent mist liquid contacting solid AlCl₃).
3. Collect all residual solid waste after fire, deliver to professional hazardous waste incineration plant for harmless treatment; prohibit rainwater washing waste into rivers and sewers.

10. Printable Export COA Template

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS

11. E-commerce Listing Copy (Alibaba / Echemi Direct Use)

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