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I. Cell Cycle, Proliferation and Apoptosis
1. Block the cell cycle and inhibit proliferation
Upregulate cyclin-depressing protein genes: *p27, GADD45*, downregulate Cyclin D1, block the transition from G1/S to G2/M phases, and prevent unlimited cell proliferation.
2. Promote apoptosis (in cases of DNA damage/oxidative stress)
Transcriptionally activate pro-apoptotic proteins **Bim, Bax, Bcl-6**, activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; inhibit the anti-apoptotic Bcl family, eliminate damaged cells.
3. Inhibit angiogenesis
Downregulate HIF-1α, reduce VEGF and GLUT1 expression, cut off tumor blood supply, and inhibit metastasis and invasion.
II. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidation and Autophagy
1. Activate antioxidant enzyme genes (SOD, catalase) to eliminate ROS and reduce oxidative damage;
2. Upregulate autophagy genes such as LC3 and BNIP3 to induce autophagy, degrade damaged mitochondria and erroneous proteins, and maintain cellular homeostasis;
3. Under stress conditions, reduce lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative breaks, and minimize cellular damage.
III. Aging and Senescent Cells
1. DNA damage continuously activates the CHK2-USP37 pathway, deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 stabilizes FOXO4, preventing its degradation;
2. FOXO4 binds to p53 in the cell nucleus, inhibiting p53-mediated apoptosis of senescent cells, allowing senescent cells to resist clearance and accumulate continuously, triggering inflammation, tissue aging, and organ decline;
IV. Regulation of Glycolipid Metabolism
1. Glucose Metabolism
Inhibiting glucose uptake downstream of the signaling pathway, moderately regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis; when elevated, Akt inhibits FOXO4, removing the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and maintaining blood glucose balance; abnormalities of FOXO4 are associated with resistance and type 2 diabetes.
2. Lipid Metabolism
Regulating the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides, inhibiting excessive differentiation of adipocytes; regulating lipid accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells to combat atherosclerosis.
V. Vascular Smooth Muscle Function (Cardiovascular-specific Function)
- Enhance the activity of the NO/cGMP pathway, promoting vasodilation and reducing vascular tension;
- Inhibit abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle and vascular remodeling; The downregulation of FOXO4 will weaken the vasodilatory ability, promoting hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and vascular stenosis.
VI. Tumors: Dual Roles
1) In most solid tumors, it is a tumor suppressor gene
In gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer, the expression of FOXO4 is significantly reduced:
- Overexpression of FOXO4 inhibits tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and clone formation;
- Inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), blocking tumor metastasis;
- Low expression of FOXO4 in clinical settings indicates poor prognosis and high risk of metastasis.
2) Dual effects of advanced tumors/after chemotherapy
When chemotherapy drugs induce tumors to enter an aging state, the increase in FOXO4 protects aging tumor cells and resists apoptosis, resulting in **chemotherapy resistance**;
Blocking the binding of FOXO4 and p53 can eliminate aging cancer cells, reverse resistance, and enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
VII. Functions of the Nervous System
1. Dopaminergic neurons exhibit antioxidant protection, reduce α-synuclein toxicity, and alleviate Parkinson-like damage;
2. Balance between neuronal survival and apoptosis: Mild stress activates FOXO4 for protection, while persistent overactivation leads to neuronal cell death, and is involved in the processes of Alzheimer's and cerebral ischemic injury.
VIII. Stem Cell Homeostasis
Maintain the quiescent state of stem cells, inhibit excessive proliferation of stem cells; regulate the balance of differentiation of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, prevent depletion or abnormal proliferation of stem cells.

Hong Kong Biopetide Research Limited is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research, development, production, and sales of peptide products. The company boasts advanced laboratories and a rigorous quality control system, with its products having obtained multiple international certifications, ensuring safety and efficacy.
Its customers are spread across Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and other regions.
Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research, development, production, and sales of peptide products. With advanced laboratories and a rigorous quality control system, our products have obtained international certification, ensuring safety and efficacy.
As a global trading company, we provide customized solutions to customers across Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and many other regions. Upholding the philosophy of "technology leading health," we are committed to innovation, striving to deliver high-quality health products to consumers worldwide. Our business principles focus on establishing a strong domestic market presence, increasing R&D investment, manufacturing premium products, and leveraging technology to promote environmental protection and sustainable development. At the same time, we actively expand into international markets, serve society with sincerity, and aim to become a modern, eco-friendly, and technologically advanced enterprise that meets global standards. Contact Us

Our products have been exported to 130 countries and regions. We are committed to building stable, strategic, and long-term partnerships with suppliers and customers both domestically and internationally, working together to create a brighter future.

1. We are the source factory of raw materials, offering high-quality and high-purity raw materials at wholesale prices.
2. We can provide global delivery services and have an exclusive delivery team to ensure safety and speed.
3. You can contact us to inquire about any products. Our product range is extensive and we support customization to meet your needs as much as possible.
4. We support various payment methods and all details can be negotiated.
5. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. I will do my best to answer your questions for you.
6. Firstly, we guarantee the quality of the products; secondly, we guarantee the efficiency of transportation and the clearance rate; thirdly, we will provide you with the best service in all aspects.

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