Cryolite

209.94100

209.94100

239-148-8

5ZIS914RQ9

1565

DTXSID0034487

MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS (NATURAL PRODUCT); AMORPHOUS POWDER (SYNTHETIC PRODUCT)|Snow-white, semi-opaque masses, vitreous fracture. Monoclinic crystals with cubic habit, perfect cleavage. The natural form may be colored reddish or brown or even black, but loses this discoloration on heating.

0

2.52120

white powder

2.95 g/cm³

960-1027 °C

Decomposes

Index of refraction: 1.338|Index of refraction: 1.3385 (alpha-form); 1.3389 (beta-form); 1.3396 (tau-form)

0.04%

Separate from air, water, halocarbons, alcohols. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquid storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. /Aluminum alkyls/

0 mmHg (approx)

Noncombustible Solid

Violently explosive when they come into contact with water. /Aluminum alkyls/

Odorless.

Moh's hardness 2.5-3; fuses fairly easily|Decomposes in alkaline environments

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water Insoluble in water

Salts, Basic

SODIUM ALUMINUM FLUORIDE is non-combustible. Emits toxic fumes when heated to decomposition. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Decomposed by bases, which can generate soluble fluorides. Soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid.

Noncombustible Solid

225 kJ/mol at 1012 °C

UN 3077 9/PG 3

1

R20/22

S22

BD0075000

N

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Less sensitive than trialkylaminums to oxidation upon exposure to air. /Alkylaluminum halides/

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P314, P501

H332

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/|SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

INCOMPATIBILITIES: ... /Cryolite is/ incompatible with alkaline pesticides such as lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture.|INCOMPATIBILITIES: With lime, cryolite undergoes the following reaction: Na3AlF6 + 3Ca(OH)2 yields Na3AlO3 + 3CaF2 + 3H2O which results in plant injury.|/Incompatible or reactive with/ strong oxidizers.|Extremely reactive with air, moisture, and compounds containing active hydrogen... /Alkyl aluminum compounds/|Reacts violently with a broad range of materials including air & water. /Aluminum alkyls/

Not combustible.|Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P314, and P501

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 12.5 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 5) Any dust and mist respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators (may need acid gas sorbent)/(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator (may need acid gas sorbent).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Certain polymerization catalysts, such as aluminum alkyls, react & burn violently on contact with water. /Aluminum alkyls/|Aluminum alkyls are organic aluminum compounds that are highly reactive and dangerous because of spontaneous burning in air. /Aluminum alkyls/|Prophoric material in flammable solvent. Vapors are heavier than air & may travel to a source of ignition & flash back. /Aluminum alkyls/

...Violently explosive when they come into contact with water. /Aluminum alkyls/

Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material. Water fog can be used to control fire. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material. Violent reaction may result. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Aluminum Alkyls/

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

Irritation of the eyes has been noted in patients who have been exposed /to aluminum alkyls/. /Aluminum alkyls/|May cause minor irritation to lungs or eyes. /Aluminum (dust or powder)/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluorides, as F/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 2.5 mg/cu m /Sodium aluminum fluoride (as F)/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10-Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 mg/cu m (total). /Aluminum/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m (resp). /Aluminum/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 2 mg/cu m. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Aluminum (pyro powders and welding fumes, as Al)/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may have effects on the bones and teeth. This may result in fluorosis. Repeated or prolonged inhalation of dust particles may cause effects on the lungs.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

LD50 Rat ip 59 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous >2000 mg/kg

... LARGE DEPOSITS EXISTED IN GREENLAND AND IN THE URALS.|Aluminum sodium fluoride (cryolite) is a naturally occurring aluminum containing mineral(1).

Not significantly mobile in soil.

/FROM RESIDUES/ ON SOME CROPS, ESPECIALLY PEACH ... .|... In workers in bauxite mines, foundries, and factories. In more than 1000 exposed workers given X-ray examinations of the chest, pulmonary changes were found in 3.5 percent of those exposed to bauxite dust, & in 4.9 percent exposed to cryolite dust in foundries and in factory workers exposed to alumina.|Chronic fluorosis generally develops after prolonged (10-20 years) exposure to industrial dusts, insecticides, or water where fluorides exceed 3 to 4 ppm. This is especially true in workers involved in the production of aluminum, steel, or glass. /Aluminum fluorides/|... Hazards to workers, the general population & the environment resulting from the emission of fluoride-containing gases, smokes and dusts due to the use of cryolite flux ... in cryolite processing plants ... .|Production of aluminum sulfate and aluminum fluoride is associated with exposure to several irritant substances. Such production has been connected with reversible bronchial obstruction or asthma. In an aluminum plant in Sweden, 6 cases of asthma occurred in 1975, and 7 in 1976. The number of exposed workers was 35-40. The levels of aluminum fluoride (personal sampling) were measured during these two years, and the mean concentrations were 3-6 mg/cu m. In 1977, improvements were made at this plant thereby reducing the mean levels of aluminum fluoride to 0.4-1.0 mg/cu m. During the years 1978-1980, only two cases of asthma occurred. /Aluminum fluorides/

Male rats eliminated 45.9% of fluoride which had been admin orally as cryolite. Of tissues analyzed, only kidney and femur showed any correlation with amt of fluoride absorbed or retained.|Exposure to cryolite dust may result in skeletal fluorosis. Eight male workers at a cryolite concentrator participated in a 4 day study after 5 days of vacation. Dust exposures were 0.16 to 21.2 mg/cu m. Urine was collected before work began and during two 4 hr periods. Preshift urine fluoride concentrations increased during the week. Fluoride concentrations in postshift urine and serum both correlated with the dust exposures. Serum fluoride concentrations decreased with a half-life of 3.3 to 6.9 hr after work. Fluoride clearance was 40.5 mL/min at urinary flow rates of 0.89 to 2.21 mL/min. Serum aluminum concentrations varied without relation to the exposure, but the urinary aluminum excretion correlated with the fluoride levels. Preshift serum phosphate concentrations increased significantly during the week, possibly indicating changes in mineral metabolism. For monitoring of individual uptake of cryolite dust, serum fluoride measurements are most useful.|Fluoride resulting from the absorption of cryolite is retained in bones and high concentrations have been detected in the kidney, which is the organ primarily involved in fluoride excretion. In general, high concentrations of aluminum have been detected in the skeleton and in the lungs, and prolonged exposure to aluminum may result in increased levels of aluminum in liver, kidneys, and brain tissue. It seems likely that the Al3+ from exposure to cryolite will show a similar distribution in the body as observed with other aluminum compounds.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, respiratory system; nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; salivation, thirst, sweating; stiff spine; dermatitis; calcification of ligaments of ribs, pelvis Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, skeleton, kidneys (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Cryolite is much less toxic than other fluorides. If a very large amount has been ingested, it may be appropriate to measure serum calcium to insure that hypocalcemia has not occurred. If so, calcium gluconate would be indicated. It is unlikely that treatment for fluoride toxicity would be necessary following ingestion of sodium fluoaluminate.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In one study of cryolite workers, about half complained about loss of appetite, and shortness of breath; a smaller portion mentioned constipation, localized pain in the region of the liver, and other symptoms. A slight degree of fluorosis was found in cryolite workers exposed for 2 to 2.5 years; more definite signs were found in workers exposed nearly 5 years, and signs of moderate fluorosis appeared in those with more than 11 years exposure.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ At two x-ray exams in 1957 & 1967, 17 cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified among long term cryolite workers in Copenhagen. In 1982, four of these patients were alive, 8-15 yrs after exposure had ended. Radiographs were obtained, and the urinary fluoride excretion was measured. A similar picture emerged in all 4 cases: extensive fading of the sclerosis of trabecular bone in ribs, vertebral bodies, and pelvis, whereas cortical bone thickening, calcification of muscle insertions and ligaments remained virtually unchanged. The fluoride excretion was increased in 3 cases (with the shortest exposure free period). These findings indicate that with continuous remodelling of bone tissue trabecular sclerosis is slowly reversible & the excess fluoride is excreted in the urine.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ About half of ...cryolite workers complained of lack of appetite, shortness of breath; a smaller proportion mentioned constipation, localized pain in region of liver and other symptoms. ...A slight degree of fluorosis was found in /cryolite/ workers exposed for 2-2.5 years while more definite signs were found in those exposed nearly 5 years, and signs of moderate fluorosis appeared in those with more than 11 years of exposure. Most severe cases /of fluorosis/ were those of men who had 21 years of exposure. However, not all /cryolite/ workers developed fluorosis, no abnormalities being detected in 1 man after 24 years of work.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In human beings, the major manifestations of chronic ingestion of excessive amount of fluoride are osteosclerosis and mottled enamel. Osteosclerosis is characterized by increased bone density secondary both to elevated osteoblastic activity and to the replacement of hydroxyapatite by the denser fluoroapatite. /Fluoride/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

cryolite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, respiratory system; nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; salivation, thirst, sweating; stiff spine; dermatitis; calcification of ligaments of ribs, pelvis

Nausea. Vomiting.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, skeleton, kidneys

About 75% in the production and refining of aluminum; 25% in all other applications (1965)|Seven thousand metric tons were applied in the United States in 1944.

Kryocide /insecticide produced by Pennwalt/ 96% sodium fluoaluminate|Aqueous suspension, bait, dust and wettable powder.|... Generally and 0.2% suspension /as insecticide/

Fabricated metal product manufacturing|Cryolite (Na3(AlF6)): ACTIVE|/Cryolite is/ incompatible with alkaline pesticides such as lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture.|With lime, cryolite undergoes ... /a chemical/ reaction /that/ ... Results in plant injury.|Cryolite ... is the primary constituent of the Hall-Heroult cell electrolyte.|... Developed as a safer stomach poison insecticide than the arsenicals, especially because of concern about persistent lead arsenate residues on edible produce such as apples.|... Widely exploited since the early days of commercial aluminum production, but now practically exhausted and abandoned in favor of synthetic cryolite.

Method: OSHA ID-110, Fluoride (F and HF) in Workplace Atmospheres; Procedure: ion specific electrode analysis; Analyte: fluoride ion; Matrix: air, wipe (smear tabs for particulate fluoride); Detection Level: 25 ug per sample. /Fluoride Ion/|Method: NIOSH 7902, Issue 2; Procedure: ion specific electrode; Analyte: fluoride ion; Matrix: air; Estimated Level of Detection: 3 ug fluoride ion per sample. /Fluoride Ion/|Method: NIOSH 7906, Issue 1, Fluorides aerosol and gas; ion chromatography/conductivity; Analyte: fluoride ion; Matrix: air; Estimated Level of Detection: 3 ug fluoride ion per sample (gas); 120 ug fluoride ion per sample (particulate). /Fluoride Ion/

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree|INSECTICIDES