Calcium sulfate

136.14100

135.91400

231-900-3

E934B3V59H

1589

DTXSID9029699

NATURAL ANHYDRITE CRYSTALS ARE COLORLESS, RHOMBIC OR MONOCLINIC|NATURAL ANHYDRITE CRYSTALS ARE ORTHORHOMBIC, COLOR VARIES (WHITE WITH BLUE, GRAY OR REDDISH TINGE, OR BRICK RED)|INSOL ANHYDRITE HAS SAME CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AS MINERAL ANHYDRITE|SOL ANHYDRITE IS OBTAINED IN GRANULAR OR POWDER FORM|For more Color/Form (Complete) data for CALCIUM SULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2833299090

88.64000

-0.25720

White Powder

2.960 g/cm³

1450 °C

330ºC at 760 mmHg

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.521, 1.523, 1.530; LOSES 1/2 H2O AT 128 °C & 2 H2O AT 163 °C /DIHYDRATE/|INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.569, 1.575, 1.613

Soluble in water.

Store at RT.

0 mmHg (approx)

Noncombustible Solid

PURE ANHYDROUS CALCIUM SULFATE IS ODORLESS

POSSESSES HIGH AFFINITY FOR WATER & WILL ABSORB 6.6% OF ITS WT OF WATER FORMING STABLE HEMIHYDRATE /SOL ANHYDRITE/|LOSES 1/2 H2O AT 163 °C /HALF-HYDRATE/|NEITHER ANHYDROUS NOR DIHYDRATE FORMS CAN SET WITH WATER|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for CALCIUM SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Salts, Basic

CALCIUM SULFATE is non-combustible. Decomposes to give toxic oxides of sulfur, but only at very high temperature (>1500°C). Generally of low reactivity but may act as an oxidizing agent: incompatible with diazomethane, aluminum, and phosphorus. Certain forms of calcium sulfate react with water; others do not. INSOLUBLE ANHYDRITE or dead-burned gypsum is made by the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) at high (> 600°C) temperature. At room temperature, insoluble anhydrite dissolves very slowly to the extent of 0.24 g per 100 g of water and does not absorb moisture from the air. SOLUBLE ANHYDRITE, which is obtained by heating calcium sulfate dihydrate at a temperature below 300°C, has a high affinity for water and is used as a desiccant. Soluble anhydrite absorbs water to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate (Plaster of Paris).

Noncombustible Solid

UN 3077 9/PG 3

1

R49; R42/43

S36/37-S24/25

WS6920000

T

Dry.

Stable. Incompatible with aluminium, strong acids.

P201-P261-P280-P284-P304 + P340-P308 + P313

H317-H319-H334-H341-H350i-H360F-H412

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Many metal oxo-compounds (nitrates, oxides and particularly sulfates) and sulfides are reduced violently or explosively (ie undergo 'thermite' reaction) on heating an intimate mixture with aluminum powder to a suitably high temperature to initiate the reaction. /Sulfates, including calcium sulfate/|Contact of diazomethane vapor and /calcium/ sulfate causes an exotherm which may lead to detonation.|Excess red phosphorus will burn admixed with barium or calcium sulfates if primed at a high temperature with potassium nitrate-calcium silicide mixture.|Diazomethane, aluminum, phosphorus, water [Note: Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air). Reacts with water to form Gypsum & Plaster of Paris].

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Calcium sulfate used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not Classified| |Warning|H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]|P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P403+P233, P405, and P501

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|WORKERS SHOULD WEAR CLOSE-FITTING WORKING CLOTHES OF DUST-TIGHT MATERIAL & ... SUPPLIED WITH RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & GOGGLES. /GYPSUM/|(See protection codes)

DUST FORMATION IN GYPSUM PROCESSING SHOULD BE CONTROLLED BY MECHANIZATION OF DUSTY OPERATIONS ... ADDITION OF UP TO 2% BY VOL OF WATER TO GYPSUM PRIOR TO CRUSHING, USE OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS WITH COVERS & DUST TRAPS, ENCLOSURE OF DUST SOURCES & PROVISION OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS ... . /GYPSUM/|GOOD HOUSEKEEPING & MAINTENANCE ARE ESSENTIAL IN PREVENTING ACCUMULATION OF DEPOSITED DUST, & IT IS ADVISABLE IN WORKSHOPS CONTAINING THE CALCINING KILNS, TO FACE WALLS & FLOORS WITH SMOOTH MATERIALS TO FACILITATE CLEANING. /GYPSUM/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 mg/cu m (total).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m (resp).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Dry.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation. Ingestion could cause gastrointestinal blockage.

Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure to dust particles if crystalline silica is present.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

NATURAL FORM OF ANHYDROUS CALCIUM SULFATE IS KNOWN AS MINERAL ANHYDRITE; ALSO AS KARSTENITE, MURIACITE, ANHYDROUS SULFATE OF LIME, ANHYDROUS GYPSUM.|MINERAL WITH CHEM COMPOSITION CASO4.2H2O. ... IT IS RARELY FOUND PURE & GYPSUM DEPOSITS MAY CONTAIN QUARTZ, PYRITES, CARBONATES & CLAYEY & BITUMINOUS MATERIALS. IT OCCURS IN NATURE IN 5 VARIETIES: GYPSUM ROCK; GYPSITE ... ALABASTER ... SATIN SPAR ... & SELENITE. /GYPSUM/|Calcium sulfate is the commonest of the natural sulfates.|Domestic resources are adequate but are unevenly distributed. There are no gypsum deposits on the eastern seaboard of the United States. Large deposits occur in the Great Lakes region, mid-continent region, California, and other States. /Gypsum/

WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PROCESSING OF GYPSUM ROCK MAY BE EXPOSED TO HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CONCN OF GYPSUM DUST ... FURNACE GASES & SMOKE. IN GYPSUM CALCINATING, WORKERS ARE EXPOSED TO HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP, & THERE IS ALSO THE HAZARD OF BURNS. /GYPSUM/

EXPTL USE (VET): EXPERIMENTALLY, STERILE PELLETS HAVE BEEN USED SATISFACTORILY TO HELP REPAIR BONE DEFECTS & CAVITIES SUCH AS THOSE LEFT BY WOUNDS OR TUMORS.|The use of calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) has been advocated to repair bony defects because of its unique capability of stimulating osteoneogenesis. Plaster of Paris can be used as a bony alloplast and it can be analyzed histologically. Sinus roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning further support the use of plaster of Paris as an alloplast and assess its osteoneogenic capacity when implanted in the frontal sinus of dogs; complete bone regeneration was demonstrated in six dogs within four to six months. The use of plaster of Paris for bone reconstruction in the head and neck can be applied in surgery. The experielce with plaster of Paris to date although limited shows it to be safe and highly encouraging as an effective bone allograft.

Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc. (See all compounds classified as Dental Materials.)

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; conjunctivitis; rhinitis, epistaxis (nosebleed) Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

GYPSUM DUST HAS AN IRRITANT ACTION ON MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT & EYES, & THERE HAVE BEEN REPORTS OF CONJUNCTIVITIS, CHRONIC RHINITIS, LARYNGITIS, PHARYNGITIS, IMPAIRED SENSE OF SMELL & TASTE, BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, & REACTIONS OF TRACHEAL & BRONCHIAL MEMBRANES IN EXPOSED WORKERS. /GYPSUM/|Because it hardens quickly after absorbing moisture, its ingestion may result in obstruction, particularly at the pylorus. ... To delay "setting," drink glycerin or gelatin solutions, or large volumes of water. Surgical relief may be necessary. /Plaster of Paris/|... Calcium sulfate caused no lung disease in calcium sulfate miners.

Alabaster

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; conjunctivitis; rhinitis, epistaxis (nosebleed)

Cough.

Redness.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Of the total supply of crude gypsum, 24.5 million tons, including 800,000 tons of byproduct gypsum, 19.1 million tons was calcined for gypsum products, and 5.4 million tons was used mainly as a cement retarder or as agricultural land plaster. The calcined gypsum was sold as prefabricated products or as industrial or building plaster. Sales of gypsum for use in cement were 4.1 million tons; for agriculture, 1.3 million tons; and for industrial and building plaster, 770,000 tons (1985). /Gypsum/|In 1989, 62% of the uncalcined gypsum products (which comprise about 20% of all gypsum products) were used in portland cement, and the remainder was used mainly for agricultural purposes /Gypsum/

GRADES: TECHINCAL; PURE PRECIPITATED (AS DIHYDRATE); FCC.|Chemical gypsum requires control of residual chloride, fluoride, and phosphate to less than 0.5%|/Gypsum/ Crude, By-product, & Calcined|Gypsum, CaSO4.2H2O, contains 27% water; anhydrite is the anhydrous form

Adhesive manufacturing|Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|APPLICATIONS (VET): PRIMARILY WITH OR AS INTERGRAL PART OF BANDAGE TO IMMOBILIZE FRACTURES AFTER WETTED PASTE HARDENS. ... HAS BEEN USED ORALLY IN POULTRY AS DIETARY SOURCE OF CALCIUM ... IN SHEEP IT IS VALUABLE ORALLY AS SOURCE OF INORG SULFATE SULFUR WITH SODIUM MOLYBDATE IN COPPER POISONING.|TRADE NAMES: DRIED CALCIUM SULFATE; DRIED GYPSUM; PLASTER OF PARIS; ANNALIN. /HEMIHYDRATE/|TRADE NAMES: NATIVE CALCIUM SULFATE; PRECIPITATED CALCIUM SULFATE; GYPSUM; ALABASTER; SELENITE; TERRA ALBA; SATINITE; MINERAL WHITE; SATIN SPAR; LIGHT SPAR. /DIHYDRATE/|/DRIERITE/...CAN BE REGENERATED REPEATEDLY & REUSED WITHOUT NOTICEABLE DECREASE IN ITS DESICCATING EFFICIENCY. /SOL ANHYDRITE/|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CALCIUM SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH Method 7300, Elements (ICP), issued 2-15-84. Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, detection limit = 2.5 to 1000 ug per sample /Calcium/|AOAC Method 920.199, Calcium in Water-Gravimetric Method. GRAV (gravimetric), detection limit not reported /Calcium/|APHA Method 3111, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FLAA), detection limit 0.20 mg/l /Calcium/|APHA Method 3120, Metals by Plasma Emmission Spectroscopy. Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), detection limit 10 ug/l /Calcium/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for CALCIUM SULFATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics -> Abrasive; Bulking; Cosmetic colorant; Opacifying; Pearlescent

Food Additives -> FIRMING_AGENT; FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD;