Ferric ammonium citrate

488.16

261.965027

214-686-6

3077

DTXSID9040477

V - Various

2918150000

102.37000

-1.15840

Green powder

1.8 g/cm3 (20ºC)

197ºC

H2O: 1200 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

Oral-Rat  LD: > 2000  mg/kg

Combustible, fires emit iron, nitrogen oxides pungent smoke

Brown form: reddish-brown granules, garnet-red transparent scales, or brownish-yellow powder. Very deliquescent. Odorless or slight ammonia odor; saline, ferruginous taste. Ammonium ferric citrate, brown form reduced to ferrous salt by light. Brown hydrated form is extremely soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. /Hydrated ferric ammonium citrate/|Green form: green transparent, scales, pearls, granules, or powder. Odorless. Mild ferruginous taste. Ammonium ferric citrate, green form is more readily reduced to the ferrous salt by light then the brown form. Green hydrated form is very soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. /Hydrated ferric ammonium citrate/|Deliquescent

Water soluble.

Salts, Acidic

Acidic salts, such as FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen or ammonia gas may be formed in fires (USCG, 1999).

UN 9118

3

36/37/38

26-36

GE7540000

Xi

Warehouse low temperature, ventilated, dry

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for iron (Fe+2): Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Iron (Fe+2)/

Incompatible with iodides, acacia prepn, & tannins.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Ferric ammonium citrate may be safely used in combination with pyrogallol (as listed in §73.1375), for coloring plain and chromic catgut sutures for use in general and ophthalmic surgery subject to the following conditions: (1) The dyed suture shall conform in all respects to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia XX (1980). (2) The level of the ferric ammonium citrate-pyrogallol complex shall not exceed 3 percent of the total weight of the suture material. (3) When the sutures are used for the purposes specified in their labeling, there is no migration of the color additive to the surrounding tissue. (4) If the suture is a new drug, an approved new drug application, pursuant to section 505 of the act, is in effect for it.|Iron ammonium citrate may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is the chemical green ferric ammonium citrate. (b) The additive is used, or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt for human consumption so that the level of iron ammonium citrate does not exceed 25 parts per million (0.0025 percent) in the finished salt.|Iron ammonium citrate may be safely used in animal feed in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is the chemical green ferric ammonium citrate. (b) The additive is used or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt for animal consumption so that the level of iron ammonium citrate does not exceed 25 parts per million (0.0025 percent) in the finished salt.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen or ammonia gas may be formed in fires. (USCG, 1999)

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1552 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 4 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Approved respirator for nuisance dust; chemical goggles or face shield (USCG, 1999)|Approved respirator for nuisance dust, chemical goggles or face shield.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH+ 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Big a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover soldis with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Dust irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin.|Inhalation of ferric salts as dusts and mists is irritating to the respiratory tract. Ferric salts are regarded as skin irritants. /Iron salts/|If inhaled, iron is a local irritant to the lung and gastrointestinal tract. /Iron compounds/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 1 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Iron salts (soluble, as Fe)/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

moderately toxic

...The present study has investigated whether melatonin can alter the proportion of neurons that die in the 24 hr period following 1.0 microL intracortical injections of 1.0 mM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or 0.9% saline. Rats which received systemic infusions of melatonin (5 mg/kg bw/day) displayed a 40% reduction (P=0.019) in the proportion of neurons killed by FAC. By contrast, reduction of endogenous melatonin by continuous light exposure did not significantly affect the extent of neuronal death. Furthermore, elevated or reduced melatonin levels did not alter the number of neurons killed by saline injections.|...Specific pathogen free male Fischer-344-rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of ferric-ammonium-citrate (FAC) at 40 mg/kg bw at 1 mL/kg or an equal volume of saline. Beginning on day four, rats were simultaneously exposed to an aerosol of beryllium-sulfate (BeSO4) for 2 hr/day through nose only inhalation. By day 15, mortality was 80% in the BeSO4 plus saline group as compared to 33% in the BeSO4 plus FAC group. Exposure was then discontinued. By day 18, all rats in the BeSO4 plus saline group had died, while the cumulative mortality for the BeSO4 plus FAC group was only 66%. By day 19, mortality in this group had reached a maximum of 76%.|Senile plaques, the major neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed primarily of amyloid-beta ... peptide and contain high concentrations of iron (1.0 mM). /It was/ previously shown that intracortical injections of 1.0 mM iron to adult rats produce significantly more neuronal loss than control injections of saline vehicle, whereas injections of /amyloid-beta/ do not. Because iron has been shown to increase the in vitro toxicity of /amyloid-beta/, the present study was undertaken to determine whether iron can make /amyloid-beta/ neurotoxic in vivo. /Amyloid-beta/ and 1.0 mM iron (as ferric ammonium citrate) were coinjected into rat cerebral cortex, and the neuronal loss was compared with that produced by pure /amyloid-beta/ or pure iron. The human and rat variants of /amyloid-beta/1-42 were compared to determine whether they produce the same amount of neuronal loss when combined with iron. Coinjection of iron with either /amyloid-beta/ variant caused significantly more neuronal loss than /amyloid-beta/ peptide alone, suggesting that iron may contribute to the toxicity associated with senile plaques. Rat /amyloid-beta/1-42 combined with iron was as toxic as iron alone, whereas iron combined with human /amyloid-beta/1-42 was significantly less toxic.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Distribution of radioiron to various tissues after intraperitoneal injections was examined in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Liver and spleen were found to be the major iron storage tissues. Injections of 1 or 5 mg iron as ferric ammonium citrate led to a fall in hemoglobin levels in both species after 2 days. Hemoglobin levels returned to normal levels in rainbow trout after 8 days, but Atlantic salmon had not recovered, and Hb levels fell below 3 g/100 mL. In both species, the fall in Hb was associated with a raise in iron levels in spleen and liver, suggesting damage to erythrocytes. Atlantic salmon liver ferritin showed a two- to threefold increase, while rainbow trout showed a sixfold increase, and a more rapid response.

...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/

Source of iron in treating iron-deficiency anemias. It is less constipating than inorg forms of iron. It is free from astringent & irritant properties. However, ferric ion is less well absorbed than ferrous ion, so that its supposed advantages are outweighed by its lesser efficacy, and it is considered to be an obsolete preparation. In the forms presently marketed, a unit dose provides only the recommended daily allowance of iron (15 mg). /former use/|VET: Used in prevention & treatment of anemias. Oral biololgy availabilities in rats and chicks have been reported as 107 and 115% respectively, compared to ferrous sulfate. Counteracts oral poisonous effects of gossypol (in cottonseed meal) in poultry trials. Used in wide variety of oral and parenteral hematinics.|Hematinic|VET: In iron deficiency anemia.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The absorption and endogenous excretion of iron in man was studied by monitoring the fecal excretion of a stable iron isotope (58Fe). The study was carried out for 12 healthy volunteers who were divided into two groups. Group I received 58Fe-labeled ferric ammonium citrate (III) (58FeAC) equivalent to 6 mg of iron as a control, and group II received a combination of 500 mg of vitamin C and 58FeAC. A new formula was used to calculate the 58Fe absorption ratio reflecting the pool of iron in the intestinal cells, and the ratio was compared with that obtained from Janghorbani's formula, which has been used as one of the common methods. As a result, the 58Fe absorption ratio in group II was statistically significantly higher than that of group I (34.4 +/- 6.1% vs. 15.0 +/- 5.5%, M +/- SD) using Janghorbani's formula. The similar absorption ratio (34.1 +/- 6.0% vs. 14.8 +/- 5.5%) was also obtained by our new formula. Our results confirmed the previous findings that the availability of iron is stimulated by the supplementation of vitamin C. Both formulae agreed in the absorption of iron, indicating that the endogenous excretion of iron (caused by the desquamated cells) in the intestine does not disguise the iron absorption.|The absorption of a commercial brand of small-particle reduced iron was evaluated in 10 normal subjects. For each subject, the hemoglobin incorporation method was used to measure the true absorption of 60 mg of iron from either ferrous sulfate or ferric ammonium citrate. The iron tolerance test (ITT) was also studied for these two compounds and for reduced iron. This procedure consisted of measuring the area under the curve of plasma iron elevations at specified times for 6 hours, or the peak plasma iron, corrected by the plasma iron disappearance rate obtained from measuring plasma iron at specified times for 4 hours after the slow intravenous injection of 0.4 mg of iron as ferric citrate. Only the ITT was used to measure the absorption of 60 mg of reduced iron. Reference dose iron ascorbate absorption was measured in each subject. The absorption of ferric ammonium citrate and reduced iron was expressed as percent of dose and also as absorption percent of that of ferrous sulfate. Mean % geometric "true absorptions" were 39.0 for reference dose, 10.4 for FeSO4 and 2.4 for ferric ammonium citrate. The later was 23% that of FeSO4. By ITT the mean geometric % absorptions were 7.9, 3.7 and 3.2 for FeSO4, ferric ammonium citrate and reduced iron respectively, or 47 and 41% of that of FeSO4. We propose that the true absorption of the commercial brand of reduced iron tested was 20% that of FeSO4 based on the relation between the ITT results of reduced iron and the ITT and true absorption values of ferric ammonium citrate in relation to FeSO4.

... Iron loading by 24-hour incubation with 0.36 mmol/L ferric ammonium citrate resulted in a decrease in the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex I+III) to 35.3%+/-11.2% of the value in untreated controls; of succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex II+III) to 57.4%+/-3.1%; and of succinate dehydrogenase to 63.5%+/-12.6% (p < 0.001 in all cases). The decrease in activity of other mitochondrial enzymes, including NADH-ferricyanide reductase, succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), was less impressive and ranged from 71.5%+/-15.8% to 91.5%+/-14.6% of controls. That the observed loss of respiratory enzyme activity was a specific effect of iron toxicity was clearly demonstrated by the complete restoration of enzyme activities by in vitro iron chelation therapy. Sequential treatment with iron and doxorubicin caused a loss of complex I+III and complex II+III activity that was greater than that seen with either agent alone but was only partially correctable by DF treatment. Alterations in cellular adenosine triphosphate measurements paralleled very closely the changes observed in respiratory complex activity.

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Dust irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin on prolonged contact. (USCG, 1999)

INGESTION: give large amount of water. EYES or SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

Treatment of Exposure: Ingestion: give large amount of water. Eyes or skin: flush with water.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Iron and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and related compounds/|Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ferric ammonium citrate

Ammonium ferric citrate, brown ... Contains about 9% ammonia, 16.5-18.5% iron, and about 65% hydrated citric acid. ...Ammonium ferric citrate, green. Contains about 7.5% ammonia, 14.5-16% iron, and about 75% hydrated citric acid.|Grade: Technical

1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) salt (1:?:?): ACTIVE|Iron(III) ammonium citrate ... has an indefinite formula. The brown hydrated form (1332-98-5) contains 16.5-18.5% iron, about 9% ammonia, and 65% citric acid, whereas the green hydrated form (1333-00-2) contains 14.5-16% iron, about 7.5% ammonia, and 75% citric acid.|It is no longer marketed in single-entity preparation. In forms presently marketed, unit dose provides only recommended daily allowance of iron ... So that compound cannot be used to treat anemia.

Two forms of ferric ammonium citrates, scale salts, used in iron deficiency therapy were prepared and investigated by ESR spectroscopy. The observed spectra are rationalized in terms of the known chemistry of ferric citrate and the character of its alkaline hydrolysis products.|Method 4500-NH3 C. Nesslerization Method (Direct and Following Distillation) for the Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen in purified drinking waters, natural water, and highly purified wastewater effluents. This is a colorimetric method and is sensitive to 20 ug/l and may be used for up to 5 mg/l. Interferences such as turbidity, color, and precipitates are corrected through distilltion. At ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 200, 800, and 1500 ug/l, relative standard deviation is 38.1, 11.2, and 11.6%, respectively and relative error is 0, 0, and 0.6%, respectively. /Ammonia Nitrogen/|Method 4500-NH3 D. Phenate Method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen. This is a manual colorimetric technique used to determine ammonia concentrations in wastewater effluent with a sensitivity of 10 ug/l and is useful for up to 500 ug/l. The blue compound, indophenol, is formed by the reaction of ammonia, hypochlorite, and phenol catalyzed by a manganous salt. Distillation into sulfuric acid absorbent is mandatory when interferences are present. Interferences are caused by alkalinity over 500 mg as CaCO3/l acidity over 100 mg as CaCO3/l and turbidity. For ammonia concentrations of 200, 800, and 1500 ug/l, relative standard deviation is 39.2, 15.8, and 26.0%, respectively, and relative error is 2.4, 1.5, and 10.0, respectively. /Ammonia Nitrogen/|Method 4500-NH3 E. Titrimetric Method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen. This method is applicable to ammonia concentrations in wastewater effluent greater than 5 mg/l. After distillation, the sample is titrated with sulfuric acid until a lavender color forms. For concentrations of 200, 800, and 1500 ug/l, relative standard deviation is 69.8, 28.6, and 21.6% respectively, and relative error is 20.0, 5.0, and 2.6%, respectively. /Ammonia Nitrogen/

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