Carbazole Safety Data Sheets

Germ cell mutagenicity, Category 2

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 2

If inhaled

Following skin contact

Following eye contact

Following ingestion

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation. It may cause allergic reactions. It may also cause dermatitis, bronchitis, coughing, dyspnea and respiratory distress. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be harmful by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It may cause irritation. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing mist, gas or vapours.Avoid contacting with skin and eye. Use personal protective equipment.Wear chemical impermeable gloves. Ensure adequate ventilation.Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak.

Prevent further spillage or leakage if it is safe to do so. Do not let the chemical enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Collect and arrange disposal. Keep the chemical in suitable and closed containers for disposal. Remove all sources of ignition. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Adhered or collected material should be promptly disposed of, in accordance with appropriate laws and regulations.

Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Materials which are toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... should be stored in a cool well ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, & should be periodically inspected. incompatible materials should be isolated .

Occupational Exposure limit values

Biological limit values

Eye/face protection

Skin protection

Respiratory protection

Thermal hazards

no data available

no data available

CARBAZOLE is an extremely weak base. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It reacts with nitrogen oxides. Potassium hydroxide fusion yields a salt. (NTP, 1992)

no data available

no data available

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD0 - rat (male/female) - > 16 000 mg/kg bw. Remarks:Limit dose.
• Inhalation: no data available
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

Serious eye damage/irritation

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-single exposure

STOT-repeated exposure

Aspiration hazard

• Toxicity to fish: LC50 - Oryzias latipes - 2.45 mg/L - 48 h. Remarks:(above water solubilty).
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC0 - Daphnia magna - > 113.4 µg/L - 48 h. Remarks:Measured as lack of ventricular movement in the animal´s thorax.
• Toxicity to algae: EC10 - Scenedesmus acuminatus - > 0.4 mg/L - 96 h.
• Toxicity to microorganisms: IC50 - Tetrahymena pyriformis - 6.7 mg/L - 60 h.

Based on measured biodegradation rates of 2.7-9.7 1/hr from batch fermentation screening studies using sewage inocula and 700-800 ppm carbazole, half-lives of 4.3 min-6.2 hr can be estimated for carbazole(1). After 14 days of incubation at 30 deg C, indigenous microorganisms removed 66% of carbazole (initial concn of 2.9 ug/ml) from contaminated groundwater taken from the American Creosote Works Superfund site, Pensacola, FL(2). Levels of indigenous carbazole mineralization varied from 0 to 46% after 60 days in mineralization experiments using C14 labeled carbazole in 3 southern Illinois soils(3). In the same experiment, the carbazole-degrading bacterium, Xanthamonas sp., was reintroduced and enhanced mineralization to 45% after 7 days in a soil where little indigenous mineralization occurred(3). Carbazole initial concns of 500 and 5 ppm did not degrade after 90 and 15 days, respectively, in Chernozen loamy soil at 19 deg C based on thin layer chromatography(4).

Based on static bioconcentration experiments with guppies (Poecilia reticulata), the log bioconcentration factor (log BCF) was determined to be 2.7 for carbazole(2). Log BCFs for carbazole in alga (Oedogonium cardiacum), snail (Physa sp.), mosquito larvae (Culex pepiens), and mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) were measured to be 1.69, 2.13, 2.05, and 2.10, respectively; however, carbazole was metabolized to N-methyl and N-acetyl derivatives(1). The log BCF for carbazole in Daphnia pulex was experimentally determined to be 2.06(3).

Based on an experimental Koc range of 114 to 1180, the average Koc value in 21 soils has been determined to be 637(1). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that carbazole will have low mobility in soil. In CA-Montmorillonite soil (0.06 % organic content) and Coyote Creek sediment (1.4% organic content), Koc values of 5300 and 12500 were measured for carbazole(3). Furthermore, sorption of carbazole to soil is nonlinear and highly correlated with organic content of soils; hence, mobility of carbazole in groundwater containing low organic content may be more than expected from estimated Koc values(1) based on the measured log Kow of 3.72(4) and water solubility of 1.8 mg/l at 25 deg C(5).

no data available

Product

Contaminated packaging

no data available

no data available

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/