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Ole Henry Norback

Are ketones and aldehydes polar or nonpolar? What about the water molecule?

Anthony Picco  Follow

Polarity arises from the difference between electronegativities of two atoms in a molecules. ketones and aldehydes has carbonyl group in which highly electronegative oxygen is bonded to the less electronegative carbon. The difference between the electronegativities of c and O induces polarity in the molecules, thus both ketone and aldehyde are polar. Similarly, in water molecule polarity is induced by the difference in electronegativities of hydrogen and oxygen, thus water is also a polar molecule.

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Christopher Chun  Follow

The only structural difference between hydrocarbons and aldehydes is the presence in the latter of the carbonyl group, and it is this group that is responsible for the differences in properties, both physical and chemical. The differences arise because the carbonyl group is inherently polar—that is, the electrons that make up the C=O bond are drawn closer to the oxygen than to the carbon. This gives the oxygen a partial negative charge and the carbon a partial positive charge. The polarity of a carbonyl group is often represented using the Greek letter delta (δ) to indicate a partial charge (that is, a charge less than one).

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