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What are the physical methods of the monitoring rate of chemical reaction?
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What are the physical methods of the monitoring rate of chemical reaction?
Most importantly, concentration of a produced or consumed substance will monitor reaction rate. If this is difficult to determine, you can use any other variable which changes throughout the reaction.
Light may be emitted, you can measure this light intensity over time and calibrate it for whatever conversion is achieved eventually. You typically add some chemicals to your reaction to emit the light as a result of other chemicals reacting with them.
Temperature could change, a heat balance could aid in determining reaction rate from this.
Pressure could change, a really useful way to measure reaction rates especially with gas balloons.
Frequent sample-taking, quenching the samples and analyzing them in one of many ways may work for samples which are more stable.
Practically any variable which changes during a reaction could be used to determine reaction rate. If you can imagine it changes, run a test reaction, see if it changes, measure the change and calibrate it against what it should be. If the resulting reaction rates make sense, you can measure the reaction rate in this way.
Read absolutely any chemistry literature and you'll find dozens of ways to calculate reaction rates.
Most importantly, concentration of a produced or consumed substance will monitor reaction rate. If this is difficult to determine, you can use any other variable which changes throughout the reaction.
Light may be emitted, you can measure this light intensity over time and calibrate it for whatever conversion is achieved eventually. You typically add some chemicals to your reaction to emit the light as a result of other chemicals reacting with them.
Temperature could change, a heat balance could aid in determining reaction rate from this.
Pressure could change, a really useful way to measure reaction rates especially with gas balloons.
Frequent sample-taking, quenching the samples and analyzing them in one of many ways may work for samples which are more stable.
Practically any variable which changes during a reaction could be used to determine reaction rate. If you can imagine it changes, run a test reaction, see if it changes, measure the change and calibrate it against what it should be. If the resulting reaction rates make sense, you can measure the reaction rate in this way.
Read absolutely any chemistry literature and you'll find dozens of ways to calculate reaction rates.
Practically any variable which changes during a reaction could be used to determine reaction rate. If you can imagine it changes, run a test reaction, see if it changes, measure the change and calibrate it against what it should be. If the resulting reaction rates make sense, you can measure the reaction rate in this way.
Read absolutely any chemistry literature and you'll find dozens of ways to calculate reaction rates.
Practically any variable which changes during a reaction could be used to determine reaction rate. If you can imagine it changes, run a test reaction, see if it changes, measure the change and calibrate it against what it should be. If the resulting reaction rates make sense, you can measure the reaction rate in this way.
Read absolutely any chemistry literature and you'll find dozens of ways to calculate reaction rates.
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