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Marla Robinson

What are the roles of pyridine and DCM in the acylation of an alcohol?

C V Britton  Follow

Dichloromethane (DCM) is a common organic solvent and this is its role in both reactions (and in most cases where it is used). The first reaction is indeed the conversion of a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride. The DMF is a catalyst and the reactions proceeds through an imidoyl chloride intermediate, $\ce{Me2N+=CHCl}$.

Pyridine is a weak base, with a $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{aH}$ of 5.21 and it is often used to remove extra protons during the course of a reaction. It is also a good nucleophile for attacking carbonyl groups to activate them towards attack by other, less good nucleophiles (thanks to @orthocresol and @DGS for pointing this out). In this reaction it serves both these purposes.

Nucleophilic catalysis by pyridine in acylation of an alcohol

An acid anhydride can also be used as the acylating agent. The principle is the same: pyridine acts as a nucleophilic catalyst and generates the same intermediate as above.

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