What happens when hydrochloric acid dissolves in water?

generally when an amino acid is dissolved in neutral water (pH around 7) it means it is in the form of it's zwitterion with the carboxylic -COOH group as carboxylate

-COO(-)

and the amino group -NH2 as amino protonated -NH3(+)

in these form the molecule has no net charge but can be solvated at both ends and stay dissolved.

I’m not a chemist, I’m a soap maker.

Sodium Hydroxide is a strong base. When Sodium Hydroxide dissolves in water, an exothermic reaction takes place, creating hydroxide ions in solution. The exothermic reaction gives off a lot of heat, and can actually boil the water it is dissolved in.

When HCl or Hydrogen Chloride is added to water, it dissociates to form H+/ H3O+ ions along with (Cl-) anion.

Reaction —

HCl → H+ (aq) + Cl-

When hydrochloric acid dissolves in water the Hydronium ion (H20+) separates from the Chloride ion (Cl-)

Hydrogen chloride is a gas. When it dissolves in water, it becomes hydrochloric acid.

This question reminded me of the chemistry book in 9th grade. Our body produces HCL with pH 2 to digest our food and it only produces a certain amount that is enough to digest the food that we ate. Their is a thin layer of mucus that stops HCL to react with our inner stomach layer.

Now coming to the point, It requires almost 2 liter of water to dilute the HCL so that digestion process is affected and that is quite impossible to drink that much of water after the meal.
So water in our stomach has a negligible effect on the acid produced in our stomach.

An old story … hydrogen chloride, $H-Cl$, is a room-temperature gas … Given its polarity, i.e. $^{+delta}H-Cl^{delta-}$, it is quite water soluble, and upon reaction with water, charge-separation occurs, according to the following equation…

$HCl(aq) +H_{2}O(l) longrightarrow H_{3}O^{+} + Cl^{-}$

The solution is stoichiometric in hydronium ion, $H_{3}O^{+}$, i.e. the ACID principle, and chloride anion… Conc. $HCl(aq)$ is approx $10.6•mol•L^{-1}$ concentrated with respect to hydronium ion…

Hydrogen chloride is the compound. Hydrochloric acid is the product of hydrogen chloride dissolving in water. Hydrogen chloride is highly polar so it dissociates to form hydrogen ions and chlorine ions in water.

$HCl(l) → H^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)$

The hydrogen ion released contributes to the acidic character of hydrochloric acid.

—Gt. Yuhan Zhang (Proud A-level Chemistry student)

The solution gets hot. In a process plant for making hydrochloric acid the major problem is to design a plant that manages both heat transfer and mass transfer constraints.

They are just diluted.

Dilution is a state where the no. of H+ or. OH- ions are reduced from a unit area.

For example, there are 100 H+/OH- ions present in a cm³ area and if we add more water then the no. of ions reduced to 50 in a cm³ area.

Then the acid or base are said to be diluted.