Why can't the chemical reaction conversion rate be 100%?

1. The chemical reaction process must be accompanied by the physical process. When the reaction conversion rate is close to 100%, the concentration of the reactant is very low.Whether every reaction in the industry will be like this. This is uncertain, but an excessive amount of reactor is indeed a very common way
3. How to determine the excessive amount of the reaction?, This should be determined according to the final economy. Although excessive reactors will increase the conversion rate of another material, it is at the cost of increased raw materials and the increase of subsequent separation unit loads

5. The general recovery rate of solvents is available in the recovery rate of solvents.How high?This should be analyzed for the specific problem. It is not that absolute. The expensive solvents try to find a way to make the recovery rate high, but the high recovery rate will increase the energy consumption of the separation process after all
6. General condenser connect the vacuum pump.Now the environmental protection requirements are high, and the condenser does not condense needs to be discharged at high altitudes after processing. So how to calculate the air volume of the fans?Calculate the air volume according to the amount of non -condensation

First answer the first question, is there an absolute 100%reaction?

Excessive reactions exist in our unit. In order to better react in the later period, the hydrogen is excessive
In addition, the ammonia of the solvent is also recycled. There is a device for recycling for recycling.
It is mainly excessive and recycled, mainly depending on the comparison of energy consumption and output, cycle utilization and energy consumption, do you think

4. Organic solvents recycling during the process of chemical separation are mostly distilled and condensed. Then the condensation temperature is generally determined according to the boiling point of the organic solvent, so how high does the boiling point choose to be cold?
It is not wrong to determine the condensation temperature according to the boiling point of the solvent, but whether the solvent is easy to condense according to its volatility, such as water and toluene, at the same temperature, although toluene boiling points are high, but it will send faster because of toluene.Toluene is volatile.As for how high the boiling point, you can choose to be deep, that is the problem of experience and economic. If you consider social responsibility, you have to balance the relationship between the three to determine.

The problem that has been troubled finally understands.In fact, there is another problem with the problem 4.
For example, all substances evaporate into a gesture, and the condenser temperature of the condenser behind is also smaller than the boiling point of the above gaseous substances. So why is there still no gase?

I personally think that in addition to equipment reasons, condensation temperature and condensation time factors, the limit may be that the material is volatile.

For this problem, you can refer to the knowledge of physical chemistry about dew points and bubble points. Gas condensate becomes liquid. First of all, you must overcome condensation heat before starting liquefaction.(You can refer to the knowledge of physical chemistry on the transformation of material gas and liquid solids), and if you understand the effect of using 100 degrees of hot water and 100 degrees Celsius, you will understand why \"condenser condensate condensateThe temperature is also smaller than the boiling point of the above -mentioned gaseous substances, so why do you still have no gas out? \"

6. Generally, the condenser is connected to the vacuum pump. Now the environmental protection requirements are high. The condenser does not need to collect high -altitude discharge after treatment. So how to calculate the air volume of the fans?Calculate the air volume according to the amount of non -condensation.

The vacuum system will have the problem of leakage, which is generally calculated based on the amount of air leakage.

I answered three
First, the 100%conversion rate cannot theoretically cannot fully reach thermodynamics. It is necessary to spend a lot of effort to trace the roots. Thermodynamic function U/H/S/F/G. In a simple example, any reaction can be regarded as reversible reactions, but the conditions are different. Most of us think that the burning of H2+O2 is easy to react completely under 298K, but this is exactly relative. It will definitely not be complete. Otherwise, what is the balance constant and what is the balance. What is the absolute response, what is the balance.
Second. Of course, not every actual process of chemical industry will be excessive to increase another conversion rate. Although this is often the case.
You think, if A+B-C, A is very valuable, B is very cheap, and the reaction is not a high conversion rate under production conditions. What should I do? Give more B to promote chemical balance.
If 1MOLA and 1molb are mixed, they generate C, and the response is very good. It is completely unnecessary. It may also have to spend excessive B and product C
third. How to determine the trouble of excessive amount? If the amount is not available, what will happen to the chemical balance conversion rate? If you are too 20%, the balance conversion rate can be predicted, and there are later separation problems, energy consumption problems. However, the mainly consider how much the balance transformation rate is too much. The production capacity can achieve design goals. He is the right

Thank you for your enthusiastic reply, which has benefited a lot.


The problem that has been troubled finally understands.In fact, there is another problem with the problem 4.
For example, all substances evaporate into a gesture, and the condenser temperature of the condenser behind is also smaller than the boiling point of the above gaseous substances. So why is there still no gase?

I personally think that in addition to equipment reasons, condensation temperature and condensation time factors, the limit may be that the material is volatile.

For example, a glass of water is placed in the office, and it will become less in a few days. This is volatile.Then there is a concept saturated steam pressure.The bigger the more likely to volatilize.

1. So why are different material saturated steam pressure different?
2. How do I have a volatile volume based on saturated steam pressure?