Why do diluted sulphuric acid and diluted formic acid produce different colors on a pH paper but almost similar colors on a litmus paper?

You dilute it by adding water to it. Use distilled water and add it slowly, being careful about splashback.

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Litmus paper is used to determine whether the solution is acidic, basic or neutral. It has been used on a very generalized scale with no proper gradient-color distinction.

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On the other hand, pH paper was devised to find out the accurate pH concentration. The scale has very distinct colors and is usually precise.

Coming back to your question, dil.H2SO4 and dil.HCOOH are both acidic in nature, hence show similar gradient by turning blue litmus red. But differences in the pH concentration displays a variant-colored outcome on the pH paper.

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Since sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid, this is more complicated than the monoprotic case.

The first dissociation is complete and the second is incomplete, with a dissociation constant pKa = 1.99

We have the dissociation equilibrium:

[math]HSO_4^- ightarrow H^+ + SO_4^{2-}[/math]

Let the concentration of sulfuric acid be [math]C[/math] and [math]a[/math] M of [math]HSO_4^-[/math] is dissociated, we have:

[math]K_a = dfrac{[H^+][SO_4^{2-}]}{[HSO_4^-]} = dfrac{(C+a)a}{C-a} = 10^{-1.99} (*)[/math]

Since [math][H^+] = C+a = 10^{-1} = 0.1[/math], we can calculate [math]a = 0.1 - C[/math] and [math]C-a = 2C - 0.1[/math]

So (*) can be rewritten as:

[math]dfrac{0.1(0.1 - C)}{2C - 0.1} = 10^{-1.99}[/math]

I leave the last step to you.

Last but not least, it’s very important that you have to pour the acid into water and not the other way around.

Moist or damp litmus would turn red as it approached the surface of the conc. acid because of the SO3 gas that would be present above the surface of the acid. The SO3 would dissolve to form sulphurous acid in the water within the paper and this turns the litmus paper red.

Once conc. H2SO4 touches the litmus paper, the conc. acid would dissolve the paper and decompose the cellulose that the paper is made from - turning it into carbon and water. This is NOT a recommended method to test for conc. sulfuric acid. Cellulose is a carbohydrate and they are so-called because their simplest empirical formula is (CH2O)n - c.f. carbon hydrated. Sulfuric acid is an extreme absorber of water, and effectively it absorbs the water leaving the carbon behind. I’m sure you will see videos on YouTube that show conc. sulfuric acid being added to sugar which is, basically, the same thing.

If you do this test, wear all protective clothing (eyes, gloves and lab coat / apron etc.) and perform in a fume cupboard. Use 1 drop of the acid on the end of a glass rod to touch the paper that is resting on, say, a watchglass - do not hold the paper! Sodium Hydrogen carbonate powder and distilled water should be on hand in case of spills. Ideally an eye wash and shower should be within reach whenever conc. sulfuric acid is used in the lab. This stuff is not to be messed with!

[H2SO4] = 1 M

take 1 mL from the 1M solution

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0.001 x 1 M = 0.001 mol

[H] = 2 x 0.001 mol= 0.002 mol

0.002 / (0.001 + X) = 10*-3.8

0.002 /(0.001 + X) = 1.59 x 10*-4 mol/L

X = 12.57 L

Take 1 mL from the concentrated acid and add 12.57 L of water

Litmus paper is used to determine whether the solution is acidic, basic or neutral. It has been used on a very generalized scale with no proper gradient-color distinction.

On the other hand, pH paper was devised to find out the accurate pH concentration. The scale has very distinct colors and is usually precise.

Coming back to your question, dil.H2SO4 and dil.HCOOH are both acidic in nature, hence show similar gradient by turning blue litmus red. But differences in the pH concentration displays a variant-colored outcome on the pH paper.

Hope your query is answered, if NOT then please don't hesitate to ask!

Thanks to all! :)

P.S Please follow me for more, your efforts are appreciated! ;)

Hey Sneha Nangunuri!

Formic acid got its name from “formica”, the Latin name for ant. An English naturalist named John Ray was the first person to isolate an acid from ants. In 1671 he distilled the crushed bodies of dead ants to extract the acid, which was eventually named formic acid.

Formic acid is an irritating chemical present in the sprayed venom of some ant species and in the secretion released from some stinging nettles. It's dangerous at high concentrations, but at low concentrations it's very useful.

Humans use formic acid as a food preservative, since it's an antibacterial substance. It’s also used to treat pests, to produce food and cosmetic additives, and to help a variety of industrial processes to occur.

Our bodies make small quantities of formic acid from the methanol that we ingest, inhale, or produce. Some of the methanol produced in the body is made from aspartame. The body converts aspartame into aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. The methanol is then converted into formic acid. Researchers say that the formic acid in our body is generally too dilute to be dangerous, however.

Ants have specific glands in their abdominal region consisting of secretary cells tightly grouped together which are surrounded by suppressor muscles and fat bodies that give rise to efferent ducts.

Hope your query is answered, if NOT then please don't hesitate to ask!

Thanks to all! :)

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Also, sorry for the late reply!