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Conversion of Ester to Amide using Ammonium Chloride as a catalyst
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Nick Brummel
Conversion of Ester to Amide using Ammonium Chloride as a catalyst
Esters are not very reactive. That is why I suggested that somehow it needed to be converted to an Acyl chloride. The NH4+ counter ion could act as an Acid catalyst for the reaction, and the Cl- could possibly attack the Ester to form an Acid halide. This is what I think occurs, but from everything I have learned, the Chloride anion is not nucleophilic enough to attack an Ester due to its low reactivity.
Esters are not very reactive. That is why I suggested that somehow it needed to be converted to an Acyl chloride. The NH4+ counter ion could act as an Acid catalyst for the reaction, and the Cl- could possibly attack the Ester to form an Acid halide. This is what I think occurs, but from everything I have learned, the Chloride anion is not nucleophilic enough to attack an Ester due to its low reactivity.
Hello, I think NH4 will act as a base catalyst, what I cant understand is that the whole NH4Cl is actually slightly acidic. This brings me back to point zero. any suggestions about the exact mechanism ?
Hello, I think NH4 will act as a base catalyst, what I cant understand is that the whole NH4Cl is actually slightly acidic. This brings me back to point zero. any suggestions about the exact mechanism ?
The only other possibility that I have come up with is the NH4Cl's catalytic role being to convert the Ester to a Carboxylic acid, which then reacts with the Amine to form the product.
The only other possibility that I have come up with is the NH4Cl's catalytic role being to convert the Ester to a Carboxylic acid, which then reacts with the Amine to form the product.
It is a forum rule that you must show your attempt or give your thoughts before we can help you. Nevertheless, I will provide a suggestion. Why is the reaction very, very slow in the absence of ammonium chloride? What sort of chemistry can the ammonium ion perform?
It is a forum rule that you must show your attempt or give your thoughts before we can help you. Nevertheless, I will provide a suggestion. Why is the reaction very, very slow in the absence of ammonium chloride? What sort of chemistry can the ammonium ion perform?
I think what you now have is on the right track, but the details may not be all in place. What do you think the identity of "B" is? One might also ask whether or not the leaving group could be protonated before or during its departure.
I think what you now have is on the right track, but the details may not be all in place. What do you think the identity of "B" is? One might also ask whether or not the leaving group could be protonated before or during its departure.
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