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Mechanism of Hofmann Rearrangement for phthalimide
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Mary T Nelson
Mechanism of Hofmann Rearrangement for phthalimide
Quote from:
Quote from:
The primary problem was the pre-hydrolysis of the phthalimide. The rest of the mechanism is in every textbook.
Thank You for answered. Not exactly in every textbook. Can you give me some title of textbook in which Can I find this? Please.
If you google Hofmann Rearrangement, wikipedia has a vivid mechanism. you can check there. Hofmann Rearrangement is known to be able to turn amide into amine, losing 1 carbon.
The primary problem was the pre-hydrolysis of the phthalimide. The rest of the mechanism is in every textbook.
Thank You for answered. Not exactly in every textbook. Can you give me some title of textbook in which Can I find this? Please.
If you google Hofmann Rearrangement, wikipedia has a vivid mechanism. you can check there. Hofmann Rearrangement is known to be able to turn amide into amine, losing 1 carbon.
I do not recommend the Wikipedia mechanism for novice chemists, and such chemists mainly have problems with reaction mechanisms. The mechanism at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Reactions/Named_Reactions/Hofmann_rearrangement is much better. because it contains all the electrons and charges. Of course, for phthalimide, this mechanism has to be adjusted by adding partial hydrolysis.
I do not recommend the Wikipedia mechanism for novice chemists, and such chemists mainly have problems with reaction mechanisms. The mechanism at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Reactions/Named_Reactions/Hofmann_rearrangement is much better. because it contains all the electrons and charges. Of course, for phthalimide, this mechanism has to be adjusted by adding partial hydrolysis.
It is a good practice that a professor (instructor, teacher) recommends a textbook that contains most of the required material. In addition, supplementary literature is provided. You can also find many good sources on the Internet (mainly University sources, dedicated portals, e.g. Name-reaction, com, Organic Chemistry Portal, Wikipedia, etc.). When writing any reaction mechanism one must remember about all electrons and charges (at least for atoms participating in the reaction mechanism), which is missing from the diagram. e.g. there is no electron pair on nitrogen in structures 1, 2, 3 and 4, additionally in structure 4 there is no negative charge on nitrogen. Therefore, my advice was to start with the initial hydrolysis to phthalamic acid. Maybe CaRRo would notice his mistakes?
It is a good practice that a professor (instructor, teacher) recommends a textbook that contains most of the required material. In addition, supplementary literature is provided. You can also find many good sources on the Internet (mainly University sources, dedicated portals, e.g. Name-reaction, com, Organic Chemistry Portal, Wikipedia, etc.). When writing any reaction mechanism one must remember about all electrons and charges (at least for atoms participating in the reaction mechanism), which is missing from the diagram. e.g. there is no electron pair on nitrogen in structures 1, 2, 3 and 4, additionally in structure 4 there is no negative charge on nitrogen. Therefore, my advice was to start with the initial hydrolysis to phthalamic acid. Maybe CaRRo would notice his mistakes?
If you google Hofmann Rearrangement, wikipedia has a vivid mechanism. you can check there.
Hofmann Rearrangement is known to be able to turn amide into amine, losing 1 carbon.
If you google Hofmann Rearrangement, wikipedia has a vivid mechanism. you can check there.
Hofmann Rearrangement is known to be able to turn amide into amine, losing 1 carbon.
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is much better. because it contains all the electrons and charges. Of course, for phthalimide, this mechanism has to be adjusted by adding partial hydrolysis.
is much better. because it contains all the electrons and charges. Of course, for phthalimide, this mechanism has to be adjusted by adding partial hydrolysis.
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Thank You for answered. Not exactly in every textbook. Can you give me some title of textbook in which Can I find this? Please.
Thank You for answered. Not exactly in every textbook. Can you give me some title of textbook in which Can I find this? Please.
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You can also find many good sources on the Internet (mainly University sources, dedicated portals, e.g. Name-reaction, com, Organic Chemistry Portal, Wikipedia, etc.).
When writing any reaction mechanism one must remember about all electrons and charges (at least for atoms participating in the reaction mechanism), which is missing from the diagram. e.g. there is no electron pair on nitrogen in structures 1, 2, 3 and 4, additionally in structure 4 there is no negative charge on nitrogen.
Therefore, my advice was to start with the initial hydrolysis to phthalamic acid. Maybe CaRRo would notice his mistakes?
You can also find many good sources on the Internet (mainly University sources, dedicated portals, e.g. Name-reaction, com, Organic Chemistry Portal, Wikipedia, etc.).
When writing any reaction mechanism one must remember about all electrons and charges (at least for atoms participating in the reaction mechanism), which is missing from the diagram. e.g. there is no electron pair on nitrogen in structures 1, 2, 3 and 4, additionally in structure 4 there is no negative charge on nitrogen.
Therefore, my advice was to start with the initial hydrolysis to phthalamic acid. Maybe CaRRo would notice his mistakes?
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Exactly, they draw the mechanism well.
Better explained even than my former text book
Exactly, they draw the mechanism well.
Better explained even than my former text book
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