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Miriam Rios

What are the meanings of dotted and wavy lines in structural formulas?

Amar Bashyal  Follow

I was wondering what the wavy and the dotted line represent?

Different bonds

  1. A dashed line indicates that the bond is extending behind the plane of the drawing surface
  2. A bold-wedged line indicates that the bond is protruding out from the plane of the drawing surface
  3. A solid line indicates that the bond exists in the plane of the drawing surface.
  4. A wavy line indicates that the stereochemistry of the bond is unknown.
  5. A dotted line indicates that the bond is not a full bond, it is only a partial bond as in a hydrogen bond or a partially formed or broken bond in a transition state. Also, as Mrigank Pawagi notes in the comments, the dotted line can be used along with the solid line to denote bonds that have partial double bond character due to resonance.
  6. An arrow indicates a dative bond in which both electrons in the bond originate from one atom (not common)

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Erwin Karim  Follow
I think dotted lines are more often used for intermolecular attractions and dashed lines for partial bonds.More
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Jerome Sassani  Follow
A wavy line could also mean More
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Erica Orchard  Follow
As a side note, I would guide the OP to More
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George Simpson  Follow
their second virtual friendMore
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Ethan Johnson  Follow
The Dotted line is also used to denote bonds in resonance hybrids.More
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Alan Feldman  Follow

The wavy line usually represents either that that part of the molecule is unimportant or that the stereochemistry at that specific position is unimportant (or unknown).

The dotted line usually represents intermolecular interactions, like hydrogen bonds. Dashed lines refer mostly to partial bonds such as in the transition state.

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