Varicella is a highly contagious childhood rash disease. It is a clinical disease with different manifestations as shingles caused by the same virus, with varicella being the primary infection. It is transmitted through droplets or contact, and the patient can acquire lasting immunity after infection, but shingles may occur later. Its clinical manifestations are the successive appearance and simultaneous presence of various rashes such as macules, papules, herpes and scabs on the skin and mucous membranes, with mild systemic symptoms. It is more common in winter and spring. It is mainly seen in children, with a peak age of 2 to 6 years old. Less than 2% of the cases occur after the age of 20. Pregnant women who contract varicella 6 days before delivery can infect the fetus, and the disease occurs within 10 days after birth.