Industrial Gases

Isobutane (i-butane), also known as methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula C 4H 10 and is an isomer of butane. It is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon. Concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays. When used as a refrigerant or a propellant, isobutane is also known as R-600a. Some portable camp stoves use a mixture of isobutane with propane, usually 80:20. Isobutane is used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry, for example in the synthesis of isooctane.

Krypton (from Greek: κρυπτός kryptos "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbolKr and atomic number36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Krypton is inert for most practical purposes.Krypton, like the other noble gases, can be used in lighting and photography. Krypton light has a large number of spectral lines, and krypton's high light output in plasmas allows it to play an important role in many high-powered gas lasers (krypton ion and excimer lasers), which pick out one of the many spectral lines to amplify. There is also a specific krypton fluoride laser. The high power and relative ease of operation of krypton discharge tubes caused (from 1960 to 1983) the official length of a meter to be defined in terms of the wavelength of the 605nm (orange) spectral line of krypton-86.

Used in oxidation and chemical vapor deposition processes in semiconductor production, and as a standard gas mixture for atmospheric monitoring. It is also used to manufacture nitric acid and silicone oxide film and carbonyl nitrosyl. It can also be used as a bleaching agent for rayon and as a stabilizer for propylene and dimethyl ether. Supercritical solvent. Used in the manufacture of nitric acid, nitroso carboxyl compounds, bleaching of rayon. It is used to assist diagnosis and treatment in medical clinical experiments, as a stabilizer for organic reactions. Stabilizer for making nitric acid, rayon bleach, propylene and dimethyl ether.

In the semiconductor industry, it is used to generate shielding gas for germanium and silicon crystals, and the bottom gas of some mixed gases is used as carrier gas and laser gas in the electronics industry. It is also used to fill balloons, thermometers, electronic tubes, diving suits, atomic reactors and accelerators, smelting, welding, etc.

1. Mainly used in neon lights and as a filling medium for the electronics industry (such as high-pressure neon lights, counter tubes, etc.) is also used in laser technology. Liquid neon can be used as a low-temperature cold source between 26 and 40K due to its low boiling point. It is also used in high-energy physics. For example, a bubble chamber using liquid neon, etc. Neon-oxygen mixed gas can also be used instead of helium-oxygen for breathing. 2. Used for filling electronic tubes, neon lamps, sodium vapor lamps and as liquefied cryogenic sources.

manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals.As oxidizing and bleaching agent in pulp and paper industry, and for textiles.As disinfectant for water purification, industrial waste, sewage, swimming pools.In the extraction and refining of metals.36Cl for determining geological age of natural samples such as meteorites, surface rocks, polar ice and ground water.Has been used as a military poison gas under the name bertholite.

In manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid, nitrates, cyanides, etc.; in manufacture of explosives; in filling high-temp thermometers, incandescent bulbs; to form an inert atm for preservation of materials, for use in dry boxes or glove bags.Liquid nitrogen in food-freezing processes; in the laboratory as a coolant.Pharmaceutic aid (air displacement).

Gas as shield in gas metal-arc welding, in metal processing; carrier in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography; gas filler for incandescent light bulbs.Gas in fluorescent tubes analogous to neon lights, but produces a blue-purplish light; in rectifier tubes; in thermometers above mercury; in lasers; wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and the much cheaper nitrogen cannot be used; in ionization chambers and particle counters; in mixtures with He and Ne in Geiger counters; in argon-oxygen-decarburizing process for stainless steel; in manufacture of semiconducting devices; in gas mixtures as the working fluid in plasma arc devices.Liquid as cryogen to produce low temperetures.The isotope 40Ar is always found in minerals contg potassium, since it is a product of 40K decay; measuring the amount of 40Ar and 40K can be used for determining the geologic age of minerals and meteors.

In oxy-hydrogen blowpipe (welding) and limelight; autogenous welding of steel and other metals; manufacture of ammonia, synthetic methanol, HCl, NH3; hydrogenation of oils, fats, naphthalene, phenol; in balloons and airships; in metallurgy to reduce oxides to metals; in petroleum refining; in thermonuclear reactions (ionizes to form protons, deuterons (D) or tritons (T)).liquid hydrogen used in bubble chambers to study subatomic particles; as a coolant.

Carbon monoxide is the main component of synthesis gas and various types of coal gas. It is an important raw material for organic chemical industry and the basis of C1 chemistry. It can produce a series of products, such as methanol, acetic acid, phosgene, etc., used in metallurgical industry reducing agent. At present, the industrialized C1 chemical production technologies mainly include: (1) Synthesis of acetic acid. (2) Synthesis of acetic anhydride.