Chalcones

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is a high affinity, low capacity transporter abundant in the small intestine, with some expression in the kidney as well. SGLT2 is a low affinity, high capacity transporter in the kidney that accounts for approximately 90% of glucose reabsorption into the blood stream. Selective inhibition of SGLT2 is a potential strategy for reducing plasma glucose levels as a treatment for diabetes. Phlorizin is a natural product, first isolated from the bark of apple trees, that reduces plasma glucose levels by blocking renal and intestinal glucose absorption through inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2. It competitively inhibits the initial rate of a-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (a-MDG) uptake in human COS-1 cells expressing hSGLT1 and hSGLT2 with IC50 values of 400 and 65 nM, respectively. In HEK293T cells expressing human SGLT1 and SGLT2, phlorizin exhibits Ki values of 140 and 11 nM, respectively, at 37°C.

Isobavachalcone(Corylifolinin) is a chalcone constituent of Angelica keiskei, induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma.IC50 value:Target: Isobavachalcone inhibits platelet aggregation. Inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction. Isobavachalcone exhibits potent inhibitory effect on skin tumor promotion. Potent inhibitor of MMP-2. Displays DNA strand-scission (cleaving) activity. Isobavachalcone hows antifungal activity.

Chalone analog that display anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibits NO and PGE 2 production from LPS- and IFN- γ -induced RAW cells and inhibits TXB 2 production via the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. Inhibits NF- κ B activation via inhibition of I κ B α degradation and phosphorylation, I κ B kinase activation and NF- κ B nuclear translocation.

Echinatin is a chalcone isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Gancao with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Echinatin may undergo an electron transfer (ET) and a proton transfer (PT) to cause the antioxidant action in aqueous solution[1]. Echinatin can be quickly absorbed and eliminated and extensively distributed with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 6.81% in Rat[2].

Butrin, isobutrin, and butein from medicinal plant Butea monosperma selectively inhibit nuclear factor-κB in activated human mast cells: suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Anti-inflammatory agent

Trilobatin, a natural sweetener derived from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd[1], Trilobatin is an HIV-1 entry inhibitor targeting the HIV-1 Gp41 envelope[2]. Neuroprotective effects[1]. Trilobatin is also a SGLT1/2 inhibitor that selectively induces the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma cells[3].

Anti-inflammatory agent.

Solid