Cervical cancer is the only gynecological malignancy with a clear etiology, and is associated with persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus that mainly infects the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes, causing different lesions. Other high-risk factors include: 1. Sexual behavior: starting sexual life too early, multiple sexual partners; 2. Menstrual and childbirth factors: poor menstrual hygiene, prolonged menstruation, early childbearing, multiple births, etc.; 3. Smoking; 4. Long-term use of oral contraceptives, etc. The earliest symptoms are mainly vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge. It is the third most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, second only to breast cancer and colorectal cancer.