Compared with men of the same age group, the incidence and mortality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in premenopausal women are significantly lower than that in men. However, the incidence of coronary heart disease in women increases rapidly after menopause, and after the age of 60, it is close to the level of men of the same age group. Menopause is an independent risk factor for the increase in the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Common cardiovascular diseases in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women include atherosclerosis (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, etc.), stroke, hypertension, arrhythmia, etc. Syndrome X is a unique metabolic disorder syndrome proposed by Reaven in the 1980s. It has a statistically intrinsic relationship with cardiovascular disease, that is, it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Syndrome X includes: impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and has a close intrinsic relationship with glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. People have long noticed the relationship between menopause and the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in women. Based on epidemiological surveys, basic research, animal experiments and clinical research have been used to explore the mechanism of action of estrogen on the cardiovascular system and whether estrogen replacement therapy has the effect of protecting the cardiovascular system of postmenopausal women.