Acute hemiplegia in infants and children is now called cerebral artery thrombosis. It is a group of clinical syndromes, which are now mostly named after their pathology, namely cerebral artery thrombosis. Since the site of cerebral artery thrombosis often involves the blood supply of the pyramidal tract, acute hemiplegia is its most important clinical symptom. The pathogenesis is mainly due to insufficient cerebral blood perfusion, which affects the function of the pyramidal tract on one side. Acute hemiplegia in children can be seen in various diseases that can cause occlusive cerebral artery lesions. In addition to acute hemiplegia, it may be accompanied by convulsions, impaired consciousness, increased intracranial pressure and other symptoms.