Tympanic membrane perforation is a type of middle ear trauma caused by violent cases, traffic accidents, or changes in air pressure. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is classified as "ear gate leakage". Tympanic membrane perforation is often encountered in forensic clinical identification. There are many reasons that can cause tympanic membrane perforation, which are mainly divided into traumatic (direct or indirect external force) tympanic membrane perforation and inflammatory tympanic membrane perforation. The former can be caused by blunt tools (including palms, fists, etc.), skull base fractures, explosions, careless ear digging, acupuncture, burns, and even insects entering the ears. The traumatic tympanic membrane perforation discussed here mainly refers to traumatic tympanic membrane perforation caused by indirect external force, and inflammatory tympanic membrane perforation is mainly caused by acute otitis media and chronic otitis media.