Neonatal convulsions refer to abnormal discharges in the central nervous system of newborns, usually manifested as stereotyped muscle activity or changes in autonomic function. It is a symptom of central nervous system dysfunction caused by various factors. It is one of the common emergencies in the neonatal period and often indicates the presence of a serious primary disease. On the other hand, convulsions can cause brain damage and are one of the most important causes of death in the perinatal period. Therefore, they should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. They are often accompanied by diseases that directly or indirectly affect the central nervous system. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment technology, the mortality rate has decreased, but the sequelae have not decreased significantly, so it is still an important topic in neonatal emergency medicine.