The hypoglossal nerve is the last of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Its injury is very common in clinical practice, often combined with lesions related to the medulla oblongata and the clinical manifestations of the posterior cranial nerves, and sometimes appears as a single injury. Firearm injuries, fractures, and surgical mishaps in the retromandibular space, submandibular area, oral cavity, or horizontal branches of the mandible can cause isolated injury to the hypoglossal nerve. Nerve paralysis caused by contusion, hemorrhage, and local anesthesia infiltration around the nerve is generally temporary or leaves only slight remnants. Rough contusion or rupture of the nerve manifests as paralysis of the tongue muscles on the affected side, with the tip of the tongue deviating to the affected side when the tongue is extended and then atrophying.