It is hydrolyzed into benazeprilat in the liver, becoming a competitive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby reducing vascular resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, and increasing plasma renin activity; inhibiting the degradation of bradykinin, reducing vascular resistance, and producing a hypotensive effect; dilating arteries and veins, reducing peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac afterload, reducing pulmonary capillary entrapment pressure or cardiac preload, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance, improving cardiac output, and prolonging exercise tolerance and time.

Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. Its interaction with calcium channels is determined by the progressive rate of its binding and dissociation with receptor sites. Its effect on smooth muscle is greater than that on myocardium. It acts directly on vascular smooth muscle, dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral vascular resistance, and lowers blood pressure. Amlodipine does not affect plasma calcium concentration.

Benazepril and its active metabolite benazeprilat can inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in humans and animals, thereby reducing the level of angiotensin II in plasma, lowering vascular pressure, and reducing the secretion of aldosterone, the latter of which can lead to a small increase in serum potassium.

Extract from the above information

Extract of rhizome of Dioscorea opposita or Dioscorea zingiberensis

Glucosamine is a natural amino monosaccharide and a basic component of articular cartilage. It promotes the synthesis of chondrocytes and protects them from damage by destructive enzymes. It stabilizes cell membranes and intracellular collagen, and thus has a protective effect on cartilage at rest, in motion, and in recovery, thereby delaying the pathological process of osteoarthritis and the progression of the disease, improving joint mobility, and relieving pain.