Insulin injection

This product is a hypoglycemic drug. The main effect of insulin is to lower blood sugar, and it also affects protein and fat metabolism, including the following effects: 1. Inhibit liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and reduce liver output of glucose; 2. Promote liver uptake of glucose and synthesis of liver glycogen; 3. Promote muscle and adipose tissue to take up glucose and amino acids, promote protein and fat synthesis and storage; 4. Make the liver produce very low density lipoprotein and activate lipoprotein lipase, promote the decomposition of very low density lipoprotein; 5. Inhibit the decomposition of fat and protein in fat and muscle, inhibit the generation of ketone bodies and promote the use of ketone bodies by surrounding tissues.

The main ingredients of this product are: sterile aqueous solution of insulin (porcine or bovine), which can contain 1.4-1.8g of glycerol and 0.25g of phenol per 100ml.

1. Type Ⅰ diabetes; 2. Type Ⅱ diabetes with severe infection, trauma, major surgery and other severe stress situations, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, kidney or retinal diseases; 3. Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma; 4. Long-term type Ⅱ diabetes with indeed low plasma insulin levels, which are not satisfactorily controlled by reasonable diet, physical activity and oral hypoglycemic drugs, and type Ⅱ diabetes with contraindications to oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding; 5. Adult or elderly diabetic patients with acute onset, significant weight loss and obvious emaciation; 6. Gestational diabetes; 7. Diabetes secondary to severe pancreatic disease; 8. For severe malnutrition, emaciation, intractable vomiting during pregnancy, and early stage of cirrhosis, glucose and small doses of insulin can be given intravenously at the same time to promote tissue utilization of glucose.

1 Subcutaneous injections are generally given three times a day, 15-30 minutes before meals, and a small amount can be added before bedtime if necessary. The dosage starts with a small dose (2-4 units each time depending on weight and other factors) and is gradually adjusted according to the condition, blood sugar, and urine sugar. The total amount of insulin required per day for patients with type 1 diabetes is mostly between 0.5-1 units per kilogram of body weight, which is adjusted according to the results of blood sugar monitoring. The total amount required per day for patients with type 2 diabetes varies greatly. In the absence of acute complications, sensitive patients only need 5-10 units per day, generally about 20 units. Obese patients with poor insulin sensitivity may require significantly more. In the case of acute complications (infection, trauma, surgery, etc.), patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes should be injected once every 4-6 hours, and the dosage should be adjusted according to changes in the condition and blood sugar monitoring results. 2 Intravenous injection is mainly used for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. It can be continuously dripped intravenously at 4-6 units per hour for adults and 0.1 unit/kg per hour for children, and the dose can be adjusted according to blood sugar changes; it can also be injected intravenously for the first time with 10 units plus intramuscular injection of 4-6 units, and adjusted according to blood sugar changes. For patients with more serious conditions, 10 units can be injected intravenously first, followed by intravenous drip. When blood sugar drops below 13.9mmol/L (250mg/ml), the insulin dose and injection frequency will be reduced accordingly. While using insulin, fluids should also be replenished to correct electrolyte disorders and acidosis and pay attention to the body's need for calories. Diabetic patients who cannot eat should drip insulin while intravenously infusing glucose-containing solutions.

Allergic reaction, redness, swelling, itching, urticaria, angioedema at the injection site. Hypoglycemia reaction, sweating, palpitations, fatigue, and in severe cases, impaired consciousness, ataxia, tachycardia, and even coma. Insulin resistance, daily dose must be more than 200 units. Fat atrophy and fat hyperplasia at the injection site. Refractive disorders.

Contraindicated in patients allergic to insulin.

Glucocorticoids, adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucagon, estrogen, oral contraceptives, epinephrine, phenytoin sodium, thiazide diuretics, thyroxine, etc. can increase blood sugar concentration to varying degrees. The dose of these drugs or insulin should be adjusted when used together. Oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin have a synergistic hypoglycemic effect. Anticoagulants, salicylates, sulfonamides and anti-tumor drugs such as methotrexate can compete with insulin and bind to plasma proteins, thereby increasing the level of free insulin in the blood. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. Beta-receptor blockers such as propranolol can prevent the reaction of adrenaline to increase blood sugar and interfere with the body's function of regulating blood sugar. Using them together with insulin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, and can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia and prolong the duration of hypoglycemia. When used together, the dose of insulin should be adjusted. Moderate to large amounts of alcohol can enhance the hypoglycemic effect caused by insulin, which can cause severe and persistent hypoglycemia, which is more likely to occur when fasting or when there is less glycogen in the liver. Chloroquine, quinidine, quinine, etc. can delay the degradation of insulin, increase the insulin concentration in the blood, and thus enhance its hypoglycemic effect. Hyperglycemic drugs such as certain calcium channel blockers, clonidine, danazol, diazoxide, growth hormone, heparin, H2 receptor antagonists, marijuana, morphine, nicotine, sulfinpyrazone, etc. can change sugar metabolism and increase blood sugar. Therefore, the amount of insulin should be appropriately increased when used in combination with the above drugs. Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors, bromocriptine, clofibrate, ketoconazole, lithium, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, etc. can directly or indirectly reduce blood sugar in different ways. When insulin is used in combination with the above drugs, the amount should be appropriately reduced. Octreotide can inhibit the secretion of growth hormone, glucagon and insulin, and delay gastric emptying and slow gastrointestinal motility, causing delayed food absorption, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. When starting to use octreotide, the amount of insulin should be appropriately reduced, and then adjusted according to blood sugar. 10. Smoking: Smoking can antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin by releasing catecholamines. Smoking can also reduce the skin's absorption of insulin. Therefore, when smoking patients who are currently receiving insulin treatment suddenly quit smoking, they should observe changes in blood sugar and consider whether they need to reduce the amount of insulin appropriately.

Sealed, stored in a cool place, avoid freezing. Validity period: two years.

10ml: 800 units