Formamide

CBNumber： CB9854215
Name： FORMAMIDE
MF： CH3NO
MW： 45.04
CAS： 75-12-7

Introduction:

Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid with the molecular formula HCONH₂. It is a colorless liquid, miscible with water, and has an odor similar to ammonia. Mainly used in the production of sulfonamides, synthetic vitamins and softeners for paper and fiber. Pure formamide can dissolve many water-insoluble ionic compounds and is therefore also used as a solvent.

Physical Properties:

Colorless, odorless oily liquid with slight ammonia odor when it contains impurities. Hygroscopic. The relative molecular mass is 45.04. Relative density 1.1334. Melting point 2.55 ℃. Boiling point 210.5 ℃. Refractive index 1.4475. Flash point 154 ℃. The viscosity was 3.76mPa·s (20°C). Insoluble in ethers and chlorinated solvents, slightly soluble in benzene, miscible with water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, dioxane, ethylene glycol, phenol and lower esters.

Chemical Properties:

This product can dissolve casein, but not albumin. Also dissolves casein, glucose, zein, gelatin, gums, resins, starch, lignin, cellulose acetate, nylon, and certain inorganic salts: chlorides of copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, iron, aluminum, and nickel Compounds, some sulfates, nitrates. The hydrolysis rate of formamide is very slow at room temperature, and the hydrolysis can be accelerated by increasing the temperature or adding acid and alkali. In the presence of a catalyst, the hydrogen cyanide can be decomposed by heating to below 35°C. Formamide has two active functional groups, namely carbonyl and amide, which are prone to chemical reactions to generate many nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Formamide can react with inorganic acids to form formic acid and ammonium salts. It reacts with organic halides or alcohols in the presence of catalysts to form formates. This product can also react with β-diketone, β-iminoketone, aliphatic azoin, aromatic hydrocarbon azoin, and heterocyclic azoin. It can combine with cobalt salts, copper salts and nickel salts to form complexes. When formamide encounters a strong dehydrating agent such as phosphorus pentoxide, it can generate hydrogen cyanide. It reacts with phosphorus pentasulfide to generate thiocarboxamide. Formamide can strongly corrode copper, brass, lead, and rubber, so care should be taken during storage and transportation.

Usage:

Formamide is used as a softener and solvent for animal glue and paper, in the spinning of acrylonitrile copolymers, in the polymerization of unsaturated amines, as a solvent in pharmaceutical production, as a solvent for oil purification, and for the above-mentioned dissolution items. Used as an intermediate to synthesize imidazole, pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine, theophylline, theobromine. Used as raw materials for dyes, fragrances, pigments, adhesives, textile auxiliaries, paper treatment agents, etc. Raw materials for the production of formic acid and dimethylformamide, etc. Acute toxicity is LD506.1g/kg in rats and LD503.15g/kg in mice. Acute symptoms are characterized by damage to the nervous system, respiratory disturbances and conjunctivitis, straight convulsions, and death after 3 to 4 days. The threshold concentration for chronic inhalation is 6 ± 4 mg/m3. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the working environment: the United States stipulates that it is 30mg/m3 (20ppm), and the Soviet Union is 3mg/m3 (vapor, absorbed through the skin). Chemical property Transparent oily liquid with slight ammonia odor. Hygroscopic. Miscible with water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene. Uses Used as raw material for synthesizing imidazole, pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine, solvent for spinning acrylonitrile copolymer, antistatic coating of plastic products, etc.