Glyoxylic Acid

Glyoxylic acid

Acetic acid,2-oxo-;Glyoxylic acid;Acetic acid,oxo-;2-Oxoacetic acid;Formylformic acid;Glyoxalic acid;Oxalaldehydic acid;Oxoethanoic acid;Oxoacetic acid;α-Ketoacetic acid;NSC 27785;Formylcarboxylic acid;Glyoxo High Pure 50;Carboxyformaldehyde;872051-56-4

298-12-4

3265

C2H2O3

InChIKey=HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N

74.035

74.04

206-058-5

JQ39C92HH6

27785

3265

DTXSID5021594

Monoclinic crystals from water|Rhombic prisms obtained from water with 1/2 mol of water of crystallization.

2918300090

54.4

-0.3

Supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. Colorless to straw yellow. (USCG, 1999)

1.42 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

98 °C

111ºC

103.9±19.1 °C

1.403

Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and benzene

2-8ºC

0.0331mmHg at 25°C

Obnoxious odor

3.3(at 25 °C)

3.3 (at 25 °C)|pKa = 3.30 @ 25 °C

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Acids, Carboxylic

GLYOXYLIC ACID is a carboxylic acid. Preparative hazard, nitric acid and glyoxal to produce glyoxylic acid has had explosive consequences. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

Corrosive