Factory Supply High Quality Citric Acid 99% Solid CAS 77-92-9

Citric acid biological activity
Description Citric acid is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food additive.
Related category
Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis
Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunity
Natural Products >> Acids and aldehydes
Research Areas >> Cancer
Research Areas >> Cardiovascular diseases
Research Areas >> Metabolic diseases
Target point
Human Endogenous Metabolite

Apoptosis induced by citric acid through mitochondrial pathway in human keratinocyte line HaCaT was studied in vitro. It inhibits HaCaT cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, but also induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (before 24 hours) and S phase (after 24 hours) [1].
Citric acid is present in all animal tissues as an intermediate in oxidative metabolism. Administration of citric acid (1-2g/kg) attenuated LPS-induced increases in brain MDA, nitrite,TNF-α,GPx, and PON1 activities. In the liver, nitrite reduces citric acid by 1g/kg. Citric acid (1-2 g/kg) can reduce brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation [2]. Citric acid supplements increased intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention/intake ratios only in rats fed a 1% Ca diet. Citric acid supplementation in conjunction with a calcium-rich diet can increase the retention of calcium and phosphorus in bones. Therefore, long-term use of calcium citrate supplements may help increase bone mineral concentration [3]. In animal models of type 1 diabetes, oral citric acid improves ketosis and prevents the development of diabetes complications [4].
HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of citric acid (2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5mM) for 24 hours. 0.5% DMSO (carrier) was used as control. The cells were then centrifuged at 1000×g for 5 min, and the cell precipitate was dissolved with 0.5mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 5μg/ mL PI, and live cells were measured using flow cytometry for the determination of live cells [1]].
Animal experimental rats: The rats were induced to develop diabetes and randomly divided into untreated diabetes and two treated diabetes groups to receive citric acid (2g/L) or insulin in drinking water. Insulin-treated rats received 3IU of neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin three times a week. Fasting (12-hour) blood samples were obtained from the tail vein two days after insulin injection to measure blood glucose, HbA1c, and ketone bodies [4]. [2] Mice: Citric acid is prepared in sterile saline. The mice were randomly divided into 5 equal groups (6 mice per group). Mice were treated with 0.2mL: sterile saline (group 1) or 1,2 and 4g/kg dose of citric acid orally (group 2-4). Treatment was given prior to endotoxin administration (LPS: 200μg/ kg, intraperitoneal injection, 0.1mL). The fifth group received only vehicles and no LPS (negative control). The mice were euthanized at the decapitation site under anesthesia 4 hours after LPS or vector injection, and the brain and liver of each mouse were removed for analysis [2].
reference
[1]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct; 33 (10) : 4411-20.

[2]. Abdel-Salam OM, et al. Citric acid effects on brain and liver oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. J Med Food. 2014 May; 17 (5) : 588-98.

[3]. Lacour B, et al. Stimulation by citric acid of calcium and phosphorus bioavailability in rats fed a calcium-rich diet. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997; 23 (2) : 79-87.

[4]. Nagai R, et al. Citric acid inhibits development of cataracts, proteinuria and ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 26; 393 (1) : 118-22.

Physical and chemical properties of citric acid
Density 1.8± 0.1g /cm3
Boiling point 309.6±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting point 153-159 °C(lit.)
Molecular formula C6H8O7
Molecular weight 192.124
Flash point 155.2±24.4 °C
Exact mass 192.027008
PSA 132.13000
LogP-1.72
Appearance properties White crystalline powder
Vapor pressure 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Refractive index 1.575
Storage condition
1. Keep this product sealed and cool and dry. Keep away from fire, heat sources, prohibit open stacking, strictly waterproof, moisture-proof, sun protection.

2. With woven bags lined with plastic bags, can also be packed in kraft paper bags, each bag net weight 25kg. Sealed storage, storage and transportation to protect against heat and moisture. According to the
General chemicals are regulated for storage and transportation.

stability
1. White translucent crystal or powder. Odorless and sour, citric acid crystallized from a cold solution contains 1 molecule of water, which becomes anhydrous in dry air or heated to 40-50 ° C. Slightly deliquescent in moist air. Becomes soft at 75℃, melts at 100℃, soluble in water and ethanol, soluble in ether. Combustible. Insoluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene. The aqueous solution is acidic. Citric acid is a strong organic acid, which has a strong corrosion effect on carbon steel, but has no corrosion on stainless steel. In case of strong oxidants (such as potassium permanganate) can be oxidized to oxalic acid; When fused with potassium hydroxide, it is decomposed into oxalic acid and acetic acid.

2. This product is non-toxic.

3. It exists in flue-cured tobacco leaves and burley tobacco leaves.

4. It exists in many natural plants such as lemons and citrus.

5. It is a strong organic acid.

6. There are two forms: anhydrous crystals from hot water, and monohydrous crystals from cold water solutions. Monohydrate can lose water in dry air.

Water solubility 750 g/L (20 ºC)
Molecular structure
1, molar refractive index: 36.04

2, molar volume (cm3/mol) : 109.0

3. Isotropic specific volume (90.2K) : 348.0

4, surface tension (dyne/cm) : 103.9

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3) : 14.28