Niobium oxide phosphate (Nb3(PO4)5)

SURPASS studies are a series of large clinical randomized controlled trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of telpotide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Of these, the head-to-head comparison with Semaglutide SURPASS-2[1] is the most exciting, comparing Tipotide 5mg (n=470), 10mg (n=469), and 15mg (n=469) with semaglutide 1mg (n=468) in glycemic performance. Telpotide reduced HbA1c by an average of 2.0%, 2.2%, and 2.3% compared with baseline HbA1c (8.3%), while semaglutide reduced Hba1c by an average of 1.9%. In terms of weight loss, compared with baseline weight of Chemicalbook (207 pounds), telpotide resulted in average weight loss of 17 pounds, 21 pounds, and 25 pounds, compared with 13 pounds for semaglutide. The experiment showed that tilpotide showed better hypoglycemic and weight loss ability than semaglutide. Another large study enrolled 2,539 adults with at least one obesity complication (excluding diabetes) with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30kg/m2 or ≥27kg/m2. All subjects were randomly divided into tipotide 5mg, 10mg, 15mg and placebo groups in equal proportion. The results showed that the body weight of each group decreased by 16.1kg, 22.2kg, 23.6kg and 2.4kg, respectively, at 72 weeks [2]. The weight loss effect of tilpotide is comparable to that of weight loss surgery.

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Tirzepatide is a potential new drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, and this article will describe the progress of scientists' research on its efficacy. The results showed that Tirzepatide showed significant improvements in glycemic control and body weight, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.

Recently, the U.S. FDA announced that it has approved Tirzepatide (tirzepatide) developed by Eli Lilly and Company for improving blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. MounChemicalbookjaro is the first glucose-dependent dual agonist of insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Tirzepatide passes once a week

A previous phase 3 clinical trial showed an average weight loss of up to 22.5% (24 kg) in the 15 mg dose group after 72 weeks of tirpatide treatment. This is the first investigational drug to achieve an average weight loss of more than 20% in a Phase 3 clinical trial, and it is the best weight loss drug to date.

On June 5, 2023, researchers from Duke University, the German Diabetes Research Center, and Eli Lilly collaborated to publish a paper titled: The incretin co-agonist tirzepatide requires GIPR for hormone secretion from human islets in Nature Metabolism.
The study is the first to use human donor cells to demonstrate that tirpatide is indeed a dual GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonist, rather than just a super GLP-1 receptor agonist. The study also demonstrated that tirpatide activation of GIP receptors is indispensable for its stimulation of insulin secretion.

According to the paper's corresponding author, Professor Jonathan Campbell of Duke University School of Medicine, understanding the multiple targeted mechanisms of action of tirpatide opens up a whole new world of developing better drugs for weight loss and diabetes.

The Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017 edition) mentioned that the results of a number of clinical studies have shown that the addition of GLP-1 receptor agonists after the failure of an oral hypoglycemic drug (metformin, sulfonylureas) can obtain effective glucose control.

In the 2019 diabetes diagnosis and treatment standards released by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), GLP-1 receptor agonists are the first to be recommended for most patients with type 2 diabetes who need more effective injection treatment, followed by insulin.

The most common adverse reactions of GLP-1 receptor agonists are gastrointestinal reactions, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc., and gastrointestinal reactions are dose-dependent. Therefore, to reduce the response, it is recommended to start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose.

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