TMG/Betaine

Betaine, also known as trimethylaminoethyl lactone, betaine, trimethylammonium ethyl lactone, is a quaternary ammonium derivative of glycine, is a class of nitrogen methyl compounds or trimethylenedisalt formed after the hydrogen on the amino acid is replaced by a methyl group. Common ones are glycyl betaine, beta-alanyl betaine and prolyl betaine. Prism crystal or leaf crystal obtained from ethanol, with sweet taste, easy deliquination. It is soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in ethyl ether. It can be isomerized to methyl dimethylaminoacetate at the melting point. The crystal of monohydrate is obtained from the aqueous solution of free acid HO-N (CH3) 3-CH2COOh. It loses water at 100℃ to form betaine, which is stable in Chemicalbook acid. Reaction with concentrated potassium hydroxide aqueous solution to obtain trimethylamine. It produces a Maillard reaction (Browning reaction) with sugar. It is found in plants such as beetroot and cottonseed, and also in animal substances such as stinging shark meat and crab juice. It can be recovered from the mother liquor of sugar beet. It can also be formed by methylation of amino acetic acid or by the interaction of chloroacetic acid with trimethylamine. It is clinically shared with N-amidinoglycine for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and is also used in analytical chemistry as a reagent for gold identification. This product is a betaine amphoteric surfactant used as levelling agent for VAT dye dyeing. In drought or salt stress, betaine accumulates in many plants and becomes the main organic solute in osmoregulation, which has a protective effect on proteins and cell membranes.