Pinealon Selank Epithalon Gsh Glutathione Nad+ 99% Purity Peptides

1.  Description

    Chemical Properties: Pinealon is a linear tripeptide compound with the amino acid sequence Glu-Asp-Gly (Glutamic acid - Aspartic acid - Glycine), lacking any modifying groups. Its core targets include neuronal membrane receptors, enzymes associated with antioxidant signaling pathways (such as superoxide dismutase, SOD), and apoptosis-regulating proteins. Chemically stable, resistant to hydrolysis in neutral to weakly alkaline environments (pH 6.0-8.0), exhibits strong resistance to peptidase degradation, and demonstrates excellent compatibility with active ingredients such as Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and glutathione. Molecular weight: 345.3 Da.

     Physical Properties: Pinealon appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless and tasteless. It exhibits excellent water solubility (solubility ≥60 mg/mL), dissolving rapidly in aqueous systems such as pure water, physiological saline, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It is slightly soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol but insoluble in nonpolar solvents like ether and petroleum ether. Store at -20°C in a dry, sealed container protected from light. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Both research-grade and application-grade products exhibit ≥98% purity (HPLC-assayed), with impurities ≤1.0%. Free of endotoxins and heavy metal residues, meeting pharmaceutical-grade purity standards.

     Source and Preparation: Pinealon naturally occurs in the human pineal gland, cerebral cortex, and cerebrospinal fluid as an endogenous neurotrophic peptide. Industrially synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis using high-purity L-amino acids as raw materials, it undergoes condensation, deprotection, and peptide chain assembly, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification to yield a high-purity product. The synthesis process strictly controls reaction conditions to ensure peptide chain structural integrity and biological activity. Product quality is validated through mass spectrometry (MS) and amino acid sequence analysis, with no residual chemical synthesis byproducts.

2.  Application

     Biomedical Research Field: Pinealon serves as a core tool reagent in neuroscience research, used to investigate the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), brain injury (ischemic brain injury, traumatic brain injury), and cognitive dysfunction. Through neuronal cells, animal models of brain injury, and aged mouse models, it analyzes its regulatory effects on neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and oxidative stress levels, providing experimental evidence for neuroprotective drug development.

     Clinical and Preclinical Development: Pinealon serves as a therapeutic candidate for neuro-related disorders, with core indications including: - Neurological function restoration following ischemic stroke - Cognitive enhancement in senile dementia - Adjunctive treatment for neurasthenia and insomnia Simultaneously exploring protective applications for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Currently, some indications are in preclinical research and small-scale clinical observation phases, with formulations primarily consisting of injectables and oral preparations.

     Premium Health Maintenance: Pinealon serves as a neuro-health maintenance ingredient for developing dietary supplements, sublingual drops, and brain health functional products. It targets middle-aged and elderly populations (improving cognitive decline, preventing neural aging), high-pressure workplace individuals (alleviating brain fatigue, enhancing memory and focus), and post-surgical/brain injury rehabilitation patients (accelerating neural function recovery). Its small-molecule structure enables penetration of the blood-brain barrier for direct action on brain tissue. Compliant with EU and US dietary supplement regulations, it is suitable for long-term neuroprotective applications.

3. Main Efficacy

     Core Neuroprotective and Repair Effects: Pinealon's core mechanism regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis to inhibit the toxic effects of excitatory amino acids (such as glutamate), thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis. Simultaneously, it promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as BDNF and NGF) to repair damaged synapses and improve neural signaling. In brain injury models, it significantly enhances neuronal survival rates and accelerates the recovery of motor and cognitive functions.

     Cognitive Enhancement and Brain Function Improvement: Pinealon boosts learning and memory capacity along with attention by enhancing neuroplasticity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, promoting synthesis of memory-related proteins (e.g., synaptophysin, PSD-95). It regulates neurotransmitter balance (acetylcholine, dopamine) to mitigate cognitive decline and slowed reactions caused by aging or fatigue, demonstrating clear efficacy in improving age-related forgetfulness and memory impairment induced by high stress.

     Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Stress Effects: Pinealon activates intracellular antioxidant defense systems, elevating SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing oxidative stress damage to neuronal membranes and DNA. Simultaneously, it inhibits pro-inflammatory factor release (TNF-α, IL-1β), alleviates neuroinflammation, and slows neurodegenerative disease progression.

     Safety Advantages: As an endogenous tripeptide, Pinealon exhibits exceptional biocompatibility, lacks immunogenicity, and does not induce allergic or rejection reactions. Acute/chronic toxicity studies confirm its non-mutagenicity, non-reproductive toxicity, and minimal cytotoxicity (MTT assay shows >99% neuronal survival at concentrations ≤10 μmol/L). Clinical use exhibits minimal adverse reactions (no significant discomfort), no addictive properties, and no withdrawal symptoms, making it suitable for long-term neurohealth maintenance and disease adjunctive therapy scenarios.