ADP

1. Basic Chemical Information

• CAS No. : 16178-48-6
• English Name : Adenosine 5'-Diphosphate Disodium Salt
• Synonyms : ADP Disodium Salt, 5'-ADP-Na₂, Adenosine Diphosphate Disodium Salt
• EC No. : 240-314-7
• MDL Number : MFCD00066635
• PubChem CID : 85315
• Molecular Formula : C10H13N5Na2O10P2 (Anhydrous); Dihydrate: C10H17N5Na2012P2
• Molecular Weight : 471.16 Da (Anhydrous); 507.20 Da (Dihydrate)
• IUPAC Name : Disodium {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxyphosphoryl} phosphate
• SMILES : [Na+].[Na+].NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1

2. Physicochemical Properties

• Appearance : White to off-white crystalline powder, odorless
• Solubility : Easily soluble in water, forming a clear aqueous solution; slightly soluble in dilute alcohol; insoluble in organic solvents  (ethanol, acetone, chloroform, etc.)
• Stability : Hygroscopic at room temperature; sensitive to acids, alkalis and high temperatures; aqueous solutions are prone to hydrolysis into AMP and phosphoric acid when stored for a long time; should be stored in a sealed, moisture-proof and light-proof container
• pH Value : pH 7.0～ 8.5 (1% aqueous solution)
• Melting Point : Decomposes, no definite atmospheric melting point
• Structure : Nucleotide diphosphate sodium salt, a core coenzyme for energy metabolism in the body

3. Quality Control Standards (Industrial/Scientific Research General)

• HPLC Purity : ≥98.0% (Regular Fine Product); ≥99.0% (High-Purity Reagent)
• Single Impurity : ≤1.0%
• Moisture Content : ≤8.0% (Anhydrous Product); Compliant Crystalline Water (Dihydrate)
• Heavy Metals : ≤10 ppm
• Microbial Limit : Total Bacterial Count ≤100 CFU/g, No Pathogenic Bacteria Detected
• Identification : Qualified by UV Characteristic Absorption, Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Ion Chromatography

4. Physiological Functions and Application Uses (Core of Biochemical Engineering)

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) is a key endogenous coenzyme in energy metabolism, an intermediate product of ATP hydrolysis, and is involved in cellular energy conversion, kinase reactions, nucleotide synthesis, and regulation of platelet aggregation.

• Biochemical Research : Enzyme substrate, kinase assay, ATP/ADP metabolic cycle research, cellular energy metabolism model
• Pharmaceutical Intermediate : Precursor for ATP API synthesis, raw material for biochemical diagnostic reagents
• Life Science Reagent : Cell culture buffer, standard for platelet function detection
• Industrial Biotechnology : Coenzyme raw material, substrate for fermentation energy regulation

5. Storage, Transportation and Safety

5.1 Storage Conditions

• Stored in a sealed, refrigerated at -20℃ in a dark and dry environment ; moisture-proof, high-temperature-proof, avoid repeated opening and moisture absorption
• Aqueous solution should be prepared and used immediately; it is prone to degradation when stored at 4℃ for a short period

5.2 Transportation

Transported in cold chain and dark environment to prevent moisture absorption and thermal decomposition

5.3 Safety Instructions

• No GHS hazard classification, low toxicity
• Protection: Avoid dust inhalation and long-term contact with skin and mucous membranes; wear gloves and masks during operation
• For scientific research/industrial raw materials only, strictly prohibited for direct medicinal use and human injection
• Waste shall be disposed of in accordance with biochemical reagent specifications

6. Distinction from Similar Substances