(-)-Limonene

Liquid
(4S)-limonene is an optically active form of limonene having (4S)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (4R)-limonene.|A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
(S)-(-)-Limonene is one of the most popular natural occurring cyclic terpenes and its chemical name is D-Limonene. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic lemon-like odor. Although it is insoluble in ether and alcohol, (S)-(-)-Limonene is soluble in water and has a boiling point of 74oC. (S)-(-)-Limonene can be recovered from orange peel from the conversion of press liquor to molasses. It is a major constituent of numerous citrus oils such as lemon, orange, lime, mandarin, and grapefruit, which are fruits from the Rutaceae family.(S)-(-)-Limonene can be obtained by stream distillation of pulp and citrus peels resulting from production of cold-pressed oils and juice or from deterpenation of citrus oils. The compound also occurs in other essences and oils obtained during the processing of citrus juice, including deoiler, essence oil, aroma, and juice oil.
ι-Limonene has a pleasant, lemon-like odor free from camphora ceous and turpentine-like notes. The most important and wide spread terpene; it is known in the d- and ι- optically active forms and in the optically inactive dl-form (known as dipentene); it has been reported found in more than 300 essential oils in amounts ranging from 90 - 95% (lemon, orange, mandarin) to as low as 1% (palmarosa);1 the most widespread form is the d-limonene, followed by the racemic form, and then ι-limonene.
colourless liquid with lemon odour