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    Semaglutide acts similar to a human glucagon peptide-1 (GLP-1) that works similar to a hormone produced in our body called incretin. Incretin stimulates insulin secretion and sugar metabolism in response to increased glucose levels which usually occurs after meals. Patients with type 2 diabetes are usually at a total loss with incretin production.

     Semaglutide is the newest GLP-1R agonist and was approved by the FDA for the treatment of T2DM in late 2017. The peptide is chemically similar to liraglutide, with the inclusion of two structural modifications (Lau, Bloch, et al., 2015). The first is the replacement of Gly with the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at position 2. The second is the attachment of octadecanoic diacid to the side chain of Lys-26 through a short polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer and a γ-glutamic acid linker. The amino acid substitution renders the peptide more resistant to DPP-4 compared to liraglutide, and the presence of the 18-carbon fatty acid moiety results in a high binding affinity for serum albumin, which translates to a half-life of approximately 7 days in humans.  It is used to treat type 2 diabetes and manage chronic weight. The drug functions similar to human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by increasing secretion, which leads to improved sugar metabolism. It is distributed as a metered in a prefilled pen, or as an oral form. One of its advantages over other antidiabetic drugs is that it has a long duration of action.